¿Cuáles son las mejores mascarillas para evitar contraer la COVID-19?

(What are the best masks for preventing infection by covid-19?)

Primeras 5 respuestas:

1. One of the preventions and controls for further spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the use of facemask,


2. We compared disposable surgical masks


3. face protection, goggles and mask or face shield, gloves, gown or coverall, head cover, rubber boots.


4. The single most important protective measure is hand washing, rather than mask wearing.


5. universal use of face masks in addition to hand hygiene and safety distance seems extremely useful.

One of the preventions and controls for further spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the use of facemask,

... spread of pandemic SARS-CoV-2, particularly options that are cost effective and relatively easy to implement. One of the preventions and controls for further spread of SARS-CoV-2 is the use of facemask, within the context of other public health interventions such as regular handwashing/sanitization, and social distancing ...

Ref: Estimating the Effect and Cost-Effectiveness of Facemasks in Reducing the Spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Uganda [Acad Emerg Med, 2020-06-12]

We compared disposable surgical masks

... COVID-19 to participate. After providing informed consent, patients were admitted to negative pressure isolation rooms. We compared disposable surgical masks (180 mm × 90 mm, 3 layers [inner surface mixed with polypropylene and polyethylene, polypropylene ...

Ref: Effectiveness of Surgical and Cotton Masks in Blocking SARS–CoV-2: A Controlled Comparison in 4 Patients [Ann Intern Med, 2020-04-06]

face protection, goggles and mask or face shield, gloves, gown or coverall, head cover, rubber boots.

... (PPE) is most important in preventing transmission of the virus. These usually consist of standard precautionary measures like gloves, mask and gown. For blood or airborne high infections, it includes: face protection, goggles and mask or face shield, gloves, gown or coverall, head cover, rubber boots. ...

Ref: Simple Economical Solution for Personal Protection Equipment (Face Mask/Shield) for Health Care Staff During COVID 19 [Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2020-04-27]

The single most important protective measure is hand washing, rather than mask wearing.

... the control measure to reduce spread of respiratory viruses should therefore focus on contact precaution. The single most important protective measure is hand washing, rather than mask wearing. Lastly, the person who wear a face mask to prevent the droplet transmission is the ...

Ref: What Type of Face Mask Is Appropriate for Everyone-Mask-Wearing Policy amidst COVID-19 Pandemic? [J Korean Med Sci, 2020-05-12]

universal use of face masks in addition to hand hygiene and safety distance seems extremely useful.

... sources of COVID-19. To reduce the role of asymptomatic or poorly symptomatic people in COVID-19, universal use of face masks in addition to hand hygiene and safety distance seems extremely useful. Consequently, preparing the healthy child to use face masks is strongly needed. To obtain maximal ...

Ref: To mask or not to mask children to overcome COVID-19 [Eur. j. pediatr, 2020]

Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk.

... The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has claimed many lives worldwide. Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk. Reuse of these masks can minimize waste, protect the environment, and help to solve the current ...

Ref: Decontamination of face masks with steam for mask reuse in fighting the pandemic COVID-19: experimental supports [J. med. virol, 2020]

A surgical mask also provides a physical barrier between hands and mucus membranes of mouth and nose.

... increases the burden of contact tracing and the number of exposed HCPs placed on furlough. A surgical mask also provides a physical barrier between hands and mucus membranes of mouth and nose. An average person touches their face spontaneously~23-26 times per hour. A mask serves as a ...

Ref: Universal masking in hospitals in the COVID-19 era: Is it time to consider shielding? [Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2020-04-29]

The fit factor for homemade masks averaged 2 in Davies et al. (2013) , while the fit factor averaged 5 for surgical masks.

... i ) or outward efficiency (ε o ), based on Brienen et al. (2010) . The fit factor for homemade masks averaged 2 in Davies et al. (2013) , while the fit factor averaged 5 for surgical masks. When volunteers coughed into a mask, depending upon sampling method, the number of colony-forming units ...

Ref: To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic [Infect Dis Model, 2020-04-21]

The WHO established a color-coded bin system for proper disposal of biomedical waste in hospitals [18] .

... The WHO established a color-coded bin system for proper disposal of biomedical waste in hospitals [18] . However, when it was asked from our participants, 44.9% disposed it in the yellow-coded bag for disposal of face mask; this shows poor knowledge of HCWs regarding the safe disposal ...

Ref: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Healthcare Workers Regarding the Use of Face Mask to Limit the Spread of the New Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) [Cureus, 2020-04-20]

surgical face masks, cloth masks, and even extended use or reuse of respirators.

... COVID-19, HCWs are faced with a diminishing supply of respirators (N95 masks). HCWs, especially those in more impoverished areas of the world, are faced with using substandard options such as surgical face masks, cloth masks, and even extended use or reuse of respirators. ...

Ref: Utility of Substandard Face Mask Options for Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Anesth Analg, 2020-04-20]

gloves, masks, respirators, goggles, face shields, and gowns.

... care workers, the health community generally relies on the efficacy of personal protective equipment (PPE): gloves, masks, respirators, goggles, face shields, and gowns. PPE, once omnipresent and easily available in the hospital environment, are now scarce and precious. ...

Ref: COVID-19 pandemic and personal protective equipment shortage: protective efficacy comparing masks and scientific methods for respirator reuse [Gastrointest Endosc, 2020-04-27]

Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems (HVAC) are used as a primary infection disease control measure.

... at least 3 h and that mask usage was the best intervention to prevent infection. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems (HVAC) are used as a primary infection disease control measure. However, if not correctly used, they may contribute to the transmission/spreading of airborne diseases as ...

Ref: Airborne route and bad use of ventilation systems as non-negligible factors in SARS-CoV-2 transmission [Med Hypotheses, 2020]

The current emphasis is on preventive strategies such as social distancing, face mask, and hand washing.

... acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The current emphasis is on preventive strategies such as social distancing, face mask, and hand washing. The technique of nasopharyngeal wash to prevent the virus from inhabiting and replicating in the ...

Ref: Nasopharyngeal wash in preventing and treating upper respiratory tract infections: Could it prevent COVID-19? [Lung India : official organ of Indian Chest Society, 2020]

These include N95, N99, N100, FFP1, FFP2, and FFP3 masks.

... These include N95, N99, N100, FFP1, FFP2, and FFP3 masks. Further, it can either be with valve or without valve. The valved masks provide free exit of exhaled breath making them useless for patients who are suffering form COVID-19. A ...

Ref: What All We Should Know About Masks in COVID-19 Pandemic [Indian J Surg, 2020-06-09]

We require goggles or face shields when coming within 6 feet of COVID19 patients to protect eyes from 48 airborne droplets.

... The need for gloves when patients are not 34 known to have SARS-CoV-2 is unclear. We require goggles or face shields when coming within 6 feet of COVID19 patients to protect eyes from 48 airborne droplets. The most important properties of protective eyewear are transparency of the 49 material and comfortable ...

Ref: Options for Personal Protective Equipment During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Used in New Orleans, Louisiana [J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2020-05-30]

dining and drinking in restaurant or bar, singing at karaoke, and exercising in gymnasium,

... COVID-19 clusters in mask-on settings at workplace with that of the mask-off settings such as dining and drinking in restaurant or bar, singing at karaoke, and exercising in gymnasium, where there was a large gathering of people sharing food, drinks, and instruments. In effect, ...

Ref: The role of community-wide wearing of face mask for control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic due to SARS-CoV-2 [J Infect, 2020-04-23]

Use of masks by healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-healthcare workers (Non-HCWs) can reduce the risk of respiratory virus infection

... criteria. Meta-analyses suggest that mask use provided a significant protective effect (OR = 0.35 and 95% CI = 0.24-0.51). Use of masks by healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-healthcare workers (Non-HCWs) can reduce the risk of respiratory virus infection by 80% (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.11-0.37) and 47% (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36-0.79). The protective effect of wearing ...

Ref: Efficacy of face mask in preventing respiratory virus transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Travel Med Infect Dis, 2020]

There are various kinds of masks availablemedical masks, respirators like N95 and non-medical masks like cloth masks.

... masks are non-pharmacological public health interventions which play a vital role in controlling disease spread. There are various kinds of masks availablemedical masks, respirators like N95 and non-medical masks like cloth masks. Medical masks are loosely fitted devices worn by an infected person or health care worker ...

Ref: Use of Face Masks in COVID-19 [Indian J Pediatr, 2020-05-12]

The key argument for 119 universal use is thus preventing transmission and a secondary argument is 120 preventing acquisition [7, 9] .

... in Wuhan, China [18] . In this setting limiting masks to confirmed infections is far less 118 likely to have an impact on transmission than universal use. The key argument for 119 universal use is thus preventing transmission and a secondary argument is 120 preventing acquisition [7, 9] . ...

Ref: Widespread use of face masks in public may slow the spread of SARS CoV-2: an ecological study [Indian J Pediatr, 2020-04-06]

It would be reasonable to suggest vulnerable individuals avoid crowded areas and use surgical face masks rationally when exposed to high-risk areas.

... by medical workers as part of droplet precautions when caring for patients with respiratory infections. It would be reasonable to suggest vulnerable individuals avoid crowded areas and use surgical face masks rationally when exposed to high-risk areas. As evidence suggests COVID-19 could be transmitted before symptom onset, community transmission might be reduced ...

Ref: Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic [Lancet Respir Med, 2020-03-20]

Face masks, when fitted properly, effectively disrupt the forward momentum of particles expelled from a cough or sneeze, preventing respiratory disease transmission 5 .

... Face masks, when fitted properly, effectively disrupt the forward momentum of particles expelled from a cough or sneeze, preventing respiratory disease transmission 5 . In addition, a previous case report also showed that wearing a face mask helped to reduce the transmission of influenza during the COVID-19 pandemic 6 . Face masks appear to ...

Ref: Severe complicated influenza declined during the prevention of COVID-19 in Taiwan [Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2020-06-03]

The potential of face masks to reduce the spread of respiratory infections and could be useful.

... The potential of face masks to reduce the spread of respiratory infections and could be useful. 7 In the study 8 of attitudes of influenza-vaccinated healthcare workers toward masks, 65.7% of the participants agreed with infection control recommendation "wearing a mask" to prevent influenza transmission. Due ...

Ref: COVID‐19: Face masks and human‐to‐human transmission [Influenza Other Respir Viruses, 2020-04-05]

Disposable N95 masks seal tightly to the face and provide significantly better protection than surgical masks.

... to provide life-saving medical care without compromising the safety of healthcare workers. COVID-19 is transmitted by droplets, meaning that clinicians can be protected by gloves, gowns, eye shields, and masks. Disposable N95 masks seal tightly to the face and provide significantly better protection than surgical masks. ...

Ref: Immediate-use steam sterilization sterilizes N95 masks without mask damage [Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2020-04-17]

Use of masks by healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-healthcare workers (Non-HCWs)

... criteria. Meta-analyses suggest that mask use provided a significant protective effect (OR = 0.35 and 95% CI = 0.24-0.51). Use of masks by healthcare workers (HCWs) and non-healthcare workers (Non-HCWs) can reduce the risk of respiratory virus infection by 80% (OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.11-0.37) and 47% ...

Ref: Efficacy of face mask in preventing respiratory virus transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Travel Med Infect Dis, 2020]

Surgical mask partition for challenged index or naïve hamsters significantly reduced transmission to 25% (6/24, P=0.018).

... nucleocapsid antigen expression. RESULTS Non-contact transmission was found in 66.7% (10/15) of exposed naïve hamsters. Surgical mask partition for challenged index or naïve hamsters significantly reduced transmission to 25% (6/24, P=0.018). Surgical mask partition for challenged index hamsters significantly reduced transmission to only 16.7% (2/12, P=0.019) ...

Ref: Surgical mask partition reduces the risk of non-contact transmission in a golden Syrian hamster model for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). [Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2020-05-30]

PURPOSE To compare medical masks to N95 respirators in preventing laboratory confirmed viral infection and respiratory illness including coronavirus specifically in health care workers.

... however, recommendations are conflicting and epidemiological data on their relative effectiveness against COVID-19 are limited. PURPOSE To compare medical masks to N95 respirators in preventing laboratory confirmed viral infection and respiratory illness including coronavirus specifically in health care workers. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL from January 1st 2014 to March 9th 2020. Update ...

Ref: Medical Masks vs N95 Respirators for Preventing COVID-19 in Health Care Workers A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. [Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2020-04-04]

A number of studies and reviews have been performed regarding the use of medical grade masks like surgical masks, N95 respirators etc.

... Background: Using face masks is one of the possible prevention methods against respiratory pathogens. A number of studies and reviews have been performed regarding the use of medical grade masks like surgical masks, N95 respirators etc. However, the use of cloth masks has received little attention. Objectives: The purpose of this review ...

Ref: Utility of Cloth Masks in Preventing Respiratory Infections: A Systematic Review [Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2020-05-11]

12-16-layer cotton or surgical masks in the community,

... optimum use of face masks, in particular N95 or similar respirators in health-care settings and 12-16-layer cotton or surgical masks in the community, could depend on contextual factors; action is needed at all levels to address the paucity ...

Ref: Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis [Lancet, 2020-06-01]

several hospitals have supplemented pre-existing infection prevention measures with universal masking of all personnel in hospitals.

... concerns for presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 and increasing burden of contact tracing and employee furloughs, several hospitals have supplemented pre-existing infection prevention measures with universal masking of all personnel in hospitals. Other hospitals are currently faced with the dilemma of whether or not to proceed with ...

Ref: Universal masking in hospitals in the COVID-19 era: Is it time to consider shielding? [Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2020]

Masks were also reported to be more effective in viruses that transmit easily from asymptomatic individuals,

... experimental setting. Studies also suggested that early initiation of face mask usage was more effective. Masks were also reported to be more effective in viruses that transmit easily from asymptomatic individuals, as is now known in SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion Theoretical, experimental, and clinical evidence suggested that usage ...

Ref: The use of facemasks by the general population to prevent transmission of Covid 19 infection: A systematic review. [Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2020-05-06]

ACE2 containing nanomaterials may be used in the respiratory masks, gloves and clothes.

... as masks and gloves worldwide. • Preventing COVID-19 infection has become the most important issue. • ACE2 containing nanomaterials may be used in the respiratory masks, gloves and clothes. • Using nanotechnology to prevent this pandemic may be hope for fighting against COVID-19. ...

Ref: Correspondence: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 coated nanoparticles containing respiratory masks, chewing gums and nasal filters may be used for protection against COVID-19 infection [Travel Med Infect Dis, 2020-04-23]

These mask are put on with elastic cord, or ribbon ties ( Figure 1 ).

... has published specific guidelines on use of masks in the context of COVID-19 1 . These mask are put on with elastic cord, or ribbon ties ( Figure 1 ). They are meant to contain droplet infection and prevent it from spreading. In present scenario ...

Ref: Fast and economic cardboard cutout use to increase compliance of face mask wear during COVID-19 pandemic() [J Clin Orthop Trauma, 2020-05-13]

self-designed triple-layer cotton masks in a regular bedroom and a car with air conditioning.

... confirmed influenza and suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to wear medical masks and self-designed triple-layer cotton masks in a regular bedroom and a car with air conditioning. Four 1-hour repeated measurements (two measurements for bedroom the others for car) of particles with ...

Ref: Medical mask versus cotton mask for preventing respiratory droplet transmission in micro environments [Sci Total Environ, 2020]

we aim to develop an efficient viral inactivation system by exploiting active compounds from naturally occurring medicinal plants and infusing them into nanofiber-based respiratory masks.

... urge to manufacture a greater number of masks to prevent any aerosol with microbes. Hence, we aim to develop an efficient viral inactivation system by exploiting active compounds from naturally occurring medicinal plants and infusing them into nanofiber-based respiratory masks. Our strategy is to develop fibrous filtration with three-layered masks using the compounds from medicinal ...

Ref: COVID-19: emerging protective measures [Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2020]

The N95/FFP 2/3 mask is generally recommended when coming in close contact with COVID-19 patients.

... The N95/FFP 2/3 mask is generally recommended when coming in close contact with COVID-19 patients. There are reports of inadvertent exposure of HCWs wearing only surgical masks to undiagnosed COVID-19 patients, with no transmission to the HCWs [19] . This suggests that surgical masks may ...

Ref: Interventional Radiology Preparedness in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Is there a Gold Standard? [Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2020-05-20]

Personal protective equipment (PPE) can cause harm to the skin (2) (3) (4) (5) ,

... pandemic (1) . Personal protective equipment (PPE) can cause harm to the skin (2) (3) (4) (5) , however, little is known on inconveniences of face masks wearing (4) (5) (6) (7) . This study was undertaken to analyze the most bothersome issues reported by ...

Ref: Inconveniences due to the use of face masks during the COVID‐19 pandemic: a survey study of 876 young people [Dermatol Ther, 2020-05-14]

physical distance, face masks, and eye protection on virus transmission in health-care and non-health-care (eg, community) settings.

... COVID-19 and is spread person-to-person through close contact. We aimed to investigate the effects of physical distance, face masks, and eye protection on virus transmission in health-care and non-health-care (eg, community) settings. METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the optimum distance for avoiding ...

Ref: Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis [Lancet, 2020]

A novel, sustainably manufactured face mask with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties from oil of Folium Plectranthii amboinicii

... protective equipment against infectious airborne disease and become scarce during epidemic outbreaks such as COVID-19. A novel, sustainably manufactured face mask with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties from oil of Folium Plectranthii amboinicii can be an effective alternative to internationally sold masks. METHODS: This prospective, randomized study assigned ...

Ref: The use of exhaled nitric oxide and peak expiratory flow to demonstrate improved breathability and antimicrobial properties of novel face mask made with sustainable filter paper and Folium Plectranthii amboinicii oil: additional option for mask shortage during COVID-19 pandemic [Multidiscip Respir Med, 2020-06-01]

mitigating the spread of infections is essential in the absence of a vaccine and limited critical care resources.

... During a pandemic such as COVID-19, mitigating the spread of infections is essential in the absence of a vaccine and limited critical care resources. In this study, we have shown that face mask use in the general population can have a beneficial impact in reducing the total number ...

Ref: Face mask use in the general population and optimal resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic [medRxiv, 2020-04-07]

The high efficiency respiratory mask will prevent exposure of COVID-19 through the respiratory system.

... high efficiency respiratory mask (e.g., N95). The FEM will prevent exposure of COVID-19 through the eyes. The high efficiency respiratory mask will prevent exposure of COVID-19 through the respiratory system. Together, the FEM plus the high efficiency respiratory mask yield a more comprehensive protection. ...

Ref: Addressing the corona virus outbreak: will a novel filtered eye mask help? [Int J Infect Dis, 2020-04-22]

Two masks were worn by HCWs during routine patient care on a normal shift on a ward of confirmed COVID-19 patients.

... of exposure to AGPs. Endotracheal intubation is classed as an AGP. 2 In this study, we sampled 8 FFP3 masks (Aura, 3M, St Paul, MN) after exposure to COVID-19-positive patients. Two masks were worn by HCWs during routine patient care on a normal shift on a ward of confirmed COVID-19 patients. ...

Ref: Contamination of filtering face piece 3 masks with SARS-COV-2 during endotracheal intubation [Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2020-06-03]

PURPOSE: To compare medical masks to N95 respirators in preventing laboratory-confirmed viral infection and respiratory illness including coronavirus specifically in healthcare workers.

... however, recommendations are conflicting and epidemiological data on their relative effectiveness against COVID-19 are limited. PURPOSE: To compare medical masks to N95 respirators in preventing laboratory-confirmed viral infection and respiratory illness including coronavirus specifically in healthcare workers. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL from January 1, 2014, to March 9, 2020. Update ...

Ref: Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID-19 in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials [Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2020]

a FFP2/FFP3 (N95) respiratory mask, gloves, safety glasses and a waterproof overall should be used.

... hospital-acquired infections. Therefore, during all procedures associated with aerosol production, personal protective equipment consisting of a FFP2/FFP3 (N95) respiratory mask, gloves, safety glasses and a waterproof overall should be used. Therapy is based on established recommendations issued for patients with acute lung injury (ARDS). Lung ...

Ref: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Evidence-Based Recommendations on Diagnosis and Therapy [Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 2020-05-18]

The articles focused on the use of masks and N95 respirators in healthcare workers were excluded.

... and Cochrane database were performed using Medical subject heading (MeSH) words from the year 2000-2020. The articles focused on the use of masks and N95 respirators in healthcare workers were excluded. Results A total of 305 records were identified, out of which 14 articles were included ...

Ref: The use of facemasks by the general population to prevent transmission of Covid 19 infection: A systematic review. [Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 2020-05-06]

Surgical mask should be worn by all patients entering operating rooms, to prevent contamination from coughing or sneezing.

... Surgical mask should be worn by all patients entering operating rooms, to prevent contamination from coughing or sneezing. Adhesive tape could be applied across the nose bridge area to ensure complete coverage of patient"s nose and mouth. In our center, we also require patients changing their clothes and ...

Ref: COVID-19: Special Precautions in Ophthalmic Practice and FAQs on Personal Protection and Mask Selection [Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2020-04-29]

'home stay' and 'social distance' since then and 'city quarantine in whole country'

... in Italy at the beginning of March, 2020 and having taken strict measures such as "home stay" and "social distance" since then and "city quarantine in whole country" since March 10, 2020, the number of daily new cases had not significantly reduced, with ...

Ref: Possibly critical role of wearing masks in general population in controlling COVID‐19 [J Med Virol, 2020-04-15]

a bottle of alcohol hand rub, a rubbish bin with a lid and a rubbish bin without a lid.

... off a face mask using provided equipment, namely, coloured earloop-type surgical masks in various sizes, a bottle of alcohol hand rub, a rubbish bin with a lid and a rubbish bin without a lid. The researcher rated the participants" performance based on the observation checklist. Specific measures were implemented ...

Ref: Practice and technique of using face mask amongst adults in the community: a cross-sectional descriptive study [BMC Public Health, 2020-06-16]

wear medical masks and self-designed triple-layer cotton masks in a regular bedroom and a car with air conditioning.

... recruited adult volunteers with confirmed influenza and suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to wear medical masks and self-designed triple-layer cotton masks in a regular bedroom and a car with air conditioning. Four 1-hour repeated measurements (two measurements for bedroom the others for car) of particles with ...

Ref: Medical mask versus cotton mask for preventing respiratory droplet transmission in micro environments [Sci Total Environ, 2020]

Routine infection control practices augmented by airborne precautions are paramount when treating the COVID-19 positive patient.

... to the novel and acute nature of the pandemic and the dearth of high-level evidence. Routine infection control practices augmented by airborne precautions are paramount when treating the COVID-19 positive patient. Best practices for PPE use in patients who have unknown COVID-19 status are a highly ...

Ref: Personal Protective Equipment: Current Best Practices for Orthopaedic Teams [J Arthroplasty, 2020-04-20]

There were 2 countries that explicitly recommended against fabric masks.

... masks in public and poorly ventilated places, 16 recommended against people wearing masks in public. There were 2 countries that explicitly recommended against fabric masks. In addition, 12 failed to outline the minimum basic World Health Organization guidance for masks. ...

Ref: Online National Health Agency Mask Guidance for the Public in Light of COVID-19: Content Analysis [JMIR Public Health Surveill, 2020-05-26]

The most commonly used FFR is the N95 disposable respirator,

... in healthcare settings, such as half-mask filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs). The most commonly used FFR is the N95 disposable respirator, which is tight fitting and has a 95% or above particle filtering efficiency for a ...

Ref: Role of respirators in controlling the spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) amongst dental healthcare providers: a review [Int. endod. j, 2020]

'Lockdown' was a powerful strategy used by China to isolate infected people and reduce transmission, but it is not easily replicated in many countries.

... best strategies against COVID-19 and policies differ across populations, geographic regions, cultures, countries and time. "Lockdown" was a powerful strategy used by China to isolate infected people and reduce transmission, but it is not easily replicated in many countries. The United Kingdom"s "herd immunity" strategy also caught our attention (Yong, 2020). However, Taiwan"s close ...

Ref: COVID-19: Taiwan’s epidemiological characteristics and public and hospital responses [PeerJ, 2020-06-09]

Studies also suggested that early initiation of face mask usage was more effective.

... spread of respiratory viruses like influenza, SARS, and SARS-CoV-2, in the community or experimental setting. Studies also suggested that early initiation of face mask usage was more effective. Masks were also reported to be more effective in viruses that transmit easily from asymptomatic ...

Ref: The use of facemasks by the general population to prevent transmission of Covid 19 infection: A systematic review. [PeerJ, 2020-05-06]

Our strategy is to develop fibrous filtration with three-layered masks using the compounds from medicinal plants for viral deactivation.

... exploiting active compounds from naturally occurring medicinal plants and infusing them into nanofiber-based respiratory masks. Our strategy is to develop fibrous filtration with three-layered masks using the compounds from medicinal plants for viral deactivation. These masks will be beneficial not just to healthcare workers but common citizens as well. ...

Ref: COVID-19: emerging protective measures [Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2020]

nose and mouth coverings mandatory in public spaces,

... spread of the virus, regardless of whether they have symptoms And the Czech Republic took the uncommon step last week of making nose and mouth coverings mandatory in public spaces, prompting a grassroots drive to hand make masks ...

Ref: Would everyone wearing face masks help us slow the pandemic? [Science, 2020]

Personal protective equipments and especially masks were among the hottest topics during this pandemic.

... Wuhan, many topics were discussed intensively about COVID-19, both in the public and scientific community. Personal protective equipments and especially masks were among the hottest topics during this pandemic. Regardless of which mask is used, performing hand hygiene frequently with an alcohol-based hand rub ...

Ref: Medical mask or N95 respirator: When and how to use? [Turkish journal of medical sciences, 2020-04-27]

Mask standards set by ASTM International require tests with latex spheres and aerosolized Staphylococcus aureus (1),

... is expressed as a percentage ( Figure) and assessed using surrogate markers, including biological aerosols. Mask standards set by ASTM International require tests with latex spheres and aerosolized Staphylococcus aureus (1), but masks are not assessed separately for every pathogen: Filtration efficiency depends on the physical ...

Ref: Cloth Masks May Prevent Transmission of COVID-19: An Evidence-Based, Risk-Based Approach [Ann Intern Med, 2020-05-22]

setting up designated medical institutions and fever clinics, quarantining infected and suspected cases and compulsorily mask wearing by the public.

... first-level response situation, all possible measures are undertaken to contain the epidemic, and these include setting up designated medical institutions and fever clinics, quarantining infected and suspected cases and compulsorily mask wearing by the public. Additionally, maximum restriction on movement and public gatherings is imposed even during the Spring Festival. ...

Ref: Epidemiology reveals mask wearing by the public is crucial for COVID-19 control [Medicine in Microecology, 2020-05-13]

Almost 30% of itchy subjects reported scratching their face without removing the mask, or after removing the mask and then scratching.

... (itch of moderate intensity). Responders who wore masks for longer periods more frequently reported itch. Almost 30% of itchy subjects reported scratching their face without removing the mask, or after removing the mask and then scratching. Wearing face masks is linked to development of itch, and scratching can lead to incorrect ...

Ref: Face Mask-induced Itch: A Self-questionnaire Study of 2,315 Responders During the COVID-19 Pandemic. [Acta dermato-venereologica, 2020-05-25]

Mask-wearing and handwashing can slow the spread of the virus,

... COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 may overwhelm the medical systems of many countries. Mask-wearing and handwashing can slow the spread of the virus, but currently, masks are in shortage in many countries, and timely handwashing is often impossible. ...

Ref: Potential utilities of mask-wearing and instant hand hygiene for fighting SARS-CoV-2 [J. med. virol, 2020]

universal face mask use combined with physical distancing could reduce the rate of infection (flatten the curve), even with modestly effective masks.

... supports universal face mask use and distancing. In regions with a high incidence of COVID19, universal face mask use combined with physical distancing could reduce the rate of infection (flatten the curve), even with modestly effective masks. 14 Universal face mask use might enable safe lifting of restrictions in communities seeking to ...

Ref: Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection for prevention of COVID-19 [Lancet, 2020-06-01]

Most hospitals have implemented universal masking for their healthcare workers,

... Masks are widely discussed during the course of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Most hospitals have implemented universal masking for their healthcare workers, and the Center for Disease Control currently advises even the general public to wear cloth masks when outdoors. ...

Ref: Comprehensive review of mask utility and challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. [Le infezioni in medicina, 2020-06-01]

wearing proper PPE including N95 masks at all clinical settings are likely to provide great benefits for HCWs during current COVID-19 pandemic.

... wearing N95 masks in quarantined areas were infected by SARS-CoV-2 yet, 10 of the 215 HCWs who did not wear masks in the open areas were infected [35] . Therefore, wearing proper PPE including N95 masks at all clinical settings are likely to provide great benefits for HCWs during current COVID-19 pandemic. ...

Ref: Efficacy of face mask in preventing respiratory virus transmission: a systematic review and meta-analysis [Le infezioni in medicina, 2020-04-07]

mask wearing, social distancing, living arrangements) and activities in the home.

... on the primary case"s knowledge about and attitudes toward COVID-19, and their self-reported practices ( mask wearing, social distancing, living arrangements) and activities in the home. The third part was about self-reported behaviours of all family members, as well as the ...

Ref: Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China [BMJ Glob Health, 2020-05-28]

The use of personnel protective equipment (PPE), such as surgical gloves, face masks, eye protection, and regular hand washing,

... The coronavirus causes an acute respiratory infection that is transmitted by contact and droplet routes. The use of personnel protective equipment (PPE), such as surgical gloves, face masks, eye protection, and regular hand washing, is known to limit the spread of the virus, but little is known about the ...

Ref: COVID-19 and the Efficacy of Different Types of Respiratory Protective Equipment Used by Health Care Providers in a Health Care Setting [Cureus, 2020-04-10]

We observed 11 COVID-19 clusters in recreational 'mask-off' settings compared to only 3 in workplace 'mask-on' settings

... compliance of face mask usage by HKSAR general public was 96.6% (range: 95.7% to 97.2%). We observed 11 COVID-19 clusters in recreational "mask-off" settings compared to only 3 in workplace "mask-on" settings (p = 0.036 by Chi square test of goodness-of-fit). CONCLUSION: Community-wide mask wearing may contribute to the ...

Ref: The role of community-wide wearing of face mask for control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic due to SARS-CoV-2 [J. infect, 2020]

N95 or similar respirators in health-care settings and 12-16-layer cotton or surgical masks in the community,

... more effective. Although direct evidence is limited, the optimum use of face masks, in particular N95 or similar respirators in health-care settings and 12-16-layer cotton or surgical masks in the community, could depend on contextual factors; action is needed at all levels to address the paucity ...

Ref: Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis [Lancet, 2020-06-01]

don PPE, goggles, and a surgical face mask.

... Operators performing RA on a COVID-19 patient should, at minimum, don PPE, goggles, and a surgical face mask. 13 The option of donning an N95 respirator or powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) is at the discretion of the ...

Ref: Practical considerations for performing regional anesthesia: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic [Can J Anaesth, 2020-03-24]

We found that face masks, even with a limited protective effect, can reduce infections and deaths, and can delay the peak time of the epidemic.

... face masks when resources are limited, and explored a range of supply and demand dynamics. We found that face masks, even with a limited protective effect, can reduce infections and deaths, and can delay the peak time of the epidemic. We consistently found that a random distribution of masks in the population was a suboptimal ...

Ref: Face mask use in the general population and optimal resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic [medRxiv, 2020-04-07]

The main points in preventing the spread in society are hand hygiene, social distancing and quarantine.

... just health but also economics, politics, and social order, is the prevention of its spread. The main points in preventing the spread in society are hand hygiene, social distancing and quarantine. With increased testing capacity, detecting more COVID-19 positive patients in the community will also enable ...

Ref: COVID-19: Prevention and control measures in community [Turk J Med Sci, 2020-04-21]

a standard surgical mask, a modified Ambu mask, and our negative airway pressure respirator (NAPR).

... was used to calculate relative amounts of small-particle escape from a variety of masks, including a standard surgical mask, a modified Ambu mask, and our negative airway pressure respirator (NAPR). RESULTS: Significant amounts of aerosolized particles escaped during the trials with no mask, a standard ...

Ref: Aerosolized Particle Reduction: A Novel Cadaveric Model and a Negative Airway Pressure Respirator (NAPR) System to Protect Health Care Workers From COVID-19 [Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2020]

Various types of face masks, their filtration efficiency, reusability and current recommendations for their use are presented.

... we present the journey of face mask, originating from the first masks aimed at stopping the bad smell to its industrial use to its all-important place in the medical field. Various types of face masks, their filtration efficiency, reusability and current recommendations for their use are presented. ...

Ref: The Face Mask How a Real Protection becomes a Psychological Symbol during Covid-19? [Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2020-06-08]

They chose the bacterium Bacillus prodigiosus (now called Serratia marcescens, an opportunistic pathogen),

... an investigation into the effects of face masks on infections of the respiratory tract. 3 They chose the bacterium Bacillus prodigiosus (now called Serratia marcescens, an opportunistic pathogen), and a volunteer was instructed to gargle with a suspension of the organism. Agar plates ...

Ref: COVID-19 and Other Pandemics: How Might They Be Prevented? [ACS Infect Dis, 2020-06-01]

π = 0.2, 0.5, or 0.8;

... are considered in combination with: (1) weak, moderate, or strong deployment of masks, such that π = 0.2, 0.5, or 0.8; and (2) weak, moderate, or strong masks, such that ϵ = 0.2, 0.5, or 0.8. ...

Ref: To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic [ACS Infect Dis, 2020-04-11]

No coronavirus infections were transmitted in households to parents who wore P2 or surgical masks,

... health worker trials (8 cases) and trial of mask use by sick patients (19 cases). No coronavirus infections were transmitted in households to parents who wore P2 or surgical masks, but one child with coronavirus infection transmitted infection to a parent in the control arm. ...

Ref: Human Coronavirus Data from Four Clinical Trials of Masks and Respirators [Int. j. infect. dis, 2020]

Although 9 countries and regions recommended surgical, medical, or unspecified masks in public and poorly ventilated places,

... examined countries and regions had some form of guidance online, although detail and clarity differed. Although 9 countries and regions recommended surgical, medical, or unspecified masks in public and poorly ventilated places, 16 recommended against people wearing masks in public. There were 2 countries that explicitly recommended ...

Ref: Online National Health Agency Mask Guidance for the Public in Light of COVID-19: Content Analysis [JMIR Public Health Surveill, 2020-05-26]

the Taiwanese government produced a stockpile of 44 million surgical and 1.93 million N95 masks

... has recorded just 395 cases of COVID-19. In response to the emerging threat of COVID-19, the Taiwanese government produced a stockpile of 44 million surgical and 1.93 million N95 masks before the first case was reported (Fig. 1A) . 3 Subsequently, the government implemented bans ...

Ref: Maintaining mask stockpiles in the COVID-19 pandemic: Taiwan as a learning model [Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 2020-05-11]

The commercial surgical face masks (Figure 2A) commonly had a three-layer structure.

... The commercial surgical face masks (Figure 2A) commonly had a three-layer structure. The middle layer is the filter media, whereas the inner layer is for absorbing moisture, and the outer layer repel water. ...

Ref: A Reusable Mask for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [Arch Med Res, 2020-04-10]

The risk of influenza, SARS, and COVID-19 infection were reduced by 45%, 74%, and 96% by wearing masks,

... The risk of influenza, SARS, and COVID-19 infection were reduced by 45%, 74%, and 96% by wearing masks, respectively, which were consistent with previous meta-analyses during the SARS outbreaks [9, 53] . The previous systematic review from Xiao et al., though reporting non-significant protection of masks against the ...

Ref: Efficacy of face mask in preventing respiratory virus transmission: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Travel Med Infect Dis, 2020-05-28]

Masks were also reported to be more effective in viruses that transmit easily from asymptomatic individuals, as is now known in SARS-CoV-2.

... experimental setting. Studies also suggested that early initiation of face mask usage was more effective. Masks were also reported to be more effective in viruses that transmit easily from asymptomatic individuals, as is now known in SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion Theoretical, experimental, and clinical evidence suggested that usage of face masks in a general ...

Ref: The use of facemasks by the general population to prevent transmission of Covid 19 infection: A systematic review. [Travel Med Infect Dis, 2020-05-06]

the N95 masks are thought to have a superior efficacy by filtering out very small particles.

... Both types of face masks are known to prevent the transmission of respiratory particles; however, the N95 masks are thought to have a superior efficacy by filtering out very small particles. In spite of having many benefits, the N95 masks have certain limitations and it is ...

Ref: COVID-19 and the Efficacy of Different Types of Respiratory Protective Equipment Used by Health Care Providers in a Health Care Setting [Cureus, 2020-04-10]

a properly fitted respirator should be used.

... emerging infections, like COVID-19, the precautionary principle should be used for frontline health workers and a properly fitted respirator should be used. If respirators are not available, masks should be used. Extended use and reuse are high ...

Ref: Policies on the use of respiratory protection for hospital health workers to protect from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) [International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2020-05-31]

not using surgical masks.

... reduce the probability of infection by SARS-CoV-2 or other acute viral respiratory infection, compared to not using surgical masks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We followed the Cochrane rapid review methodology. The search strategy encompasses one ...

Ref: Revisión rápida del uso de cubrebocas quirúrgicos en ámbito comunitario e infecciones respiratorias agudas./ [Rapid review of the use of community-wide surgical masks and acute respiratory infections] [Salud Publica Mex, 2020]

Eleven single-layer materials met the standard of pressure difference ([≤]49 Pa),

... key indicators: pressure difference, particle filtration efficiency, bacterial filtration efficiency and resistance to surface wetting. Eleven single-layer materials met the standard of pressure difference ([≤]49 Pa), of which 3 met the standard of resistance to surface wetting ([≥]3), 1 met the ...

Ref: Selection of homemade mask materials for preventing transmission of COVID-19: a laboratory study [Salud Publica Mex, 2020-05-11]

One study assessed respirators, surgical and home-made cloth masks by healthy volunteers during various activities and found respirators performed best,

... be suitable for community use, where a lower level of exposure to virus may be present. One study assessed respirators, surgical and home-made cloth masks by healthy volunteers during various activities and found respirators performed best, followed by surgical masks and lastly cloth maskshowever cloth masks did provide some protection. ...

Ref: Community Universal Face Mask Use during the COVID 19 pandemic—from households to travelers and public spaces [J Travel Med, 2020-04-18]

FFP2/FFP3 (N95) respiratory mask, gloves, safety glasses and a waterproof overall should be used.

... infections. Therefore, during all procedures associated with aerosol production, personal protective equipment consisting of a FFP2/FFP3 (N95) respiratory mask, gloves, safety glasses and a waterproof overall should be used. Therapy is based on established recommendations issued for patients with acute lung injury (ARDS). Lung ...

Ref: SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19: Evidence-Based Recommendations on Diagnosis and Therapy [Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd, 2020-05-18]

Medical masks were not effective, and cloth masks even less effective.

... that respirators, if worn continually during a shift, were effective but not if worn intermittently. Medical masks were not effective, and cloth masks even less effective. When used by sick patients randomised controlled trials suggested protection of well contacts. CONCLUSION: The ...

Ref: A rapid systematic review of the efficacy of face masks and respirators against coronaviruses and other respiratory transmissible viruses for the community, healthcare workers and sick patients [Int J Nurs Stud, 2020]

aerosol-generating medical procedures such as tracheal intubation, bronchoscopy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and tracheostomy [4] .

... infection with COVID-19 among healthcare workers, appropriate and strict infection prevention is essential, particularly in aerosol-generating medical procedures such as tracheal intubation, bronchoscopy, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and tracheostomy [4] . When performing tracheostomy in a patient with COVID-19, meticulous attention should be paid to the ...

Ref: Anesthetic and surgical management of tracheostomy in a patient with COVID-19 [Auris Nasus Larynx, 2020-04-18]

Medical personnel should use class FFP3 masks.

... protective masks can and should be the first protection against SARS-CoV-2 transmission to medical personnel. Medical personnel should use class FFP3 masks. Additionally, the application of visors to cover the entire face during contact with the patient ...

Ref: Role of Mask/Respirator Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 [Anesth Analg, 2020-04-20]

the precautionary principle should be used for frontline health workers and a properly fitted respirator should be used.

... Summing up, in the case of serious emerging infections, like COVID-19, the precautionary principle should be used for frontline health workers and a properly fitted respirator should be used. If respirators are not available, masks should be used. Extended use and reuse are high risk practices and may ...

Ref: Policies on the use of respiratory protection for hospital health workers to protect from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) [International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2020-05-31]

There are several randomised clinical trials of masks and respirators, but most used clinical endpoints or tested only for influenza.

... of human coronaviruses are similar, thought to be by droplet, contact and sometimes airborne routes. There are several randomised clinical trials of masks and respirators, but most used clinical endpoints or tested only for influenza. In four trials which we conducted, we tested for human coronaviruses, but only composite viral ...

Ref: Human Coronavirus Data from Four Clinical Trials of Masks and Respirators [Int. j. infect. dis, 2020]

we again set σ = 1/5.2 and γ = 1/12.39.

... To best fit the same empirical characteristics of COVID-19 spread as our SEIR models, we again set σ = 1/5.2 and γ = 1/12.39. Note that β is inapplicable in the ABM since infection transmission between individuals arises from physical ...

Ref: Universal Masking is Urgent in the COVID-19 Pandemic: SEIR and Agent Based Models, Empirical Validation, Policy Recommendations [Int. j. infect. dis, 2020-04-22]

wearing a face mask in the community being one of them, they must be actively pursued.

... next year. In the circumstance, the priority should be to protect human lives by all means. When there are measures that potentially can slow down the spread of infection, with wearing a face mask in the community being one of them, they must be actively pursued. ...

Ref: Universal masking for COVID-19: evidence, ethics and recommendations [BMJ Glob Health, 2020-05-26]

mask selection, and special measures in ophthalmic practices.

... the key frequently asked questions in areas of the coronaviruses, COVID-19, disease transmission, personal protection, mask selection, and special measures in ophthalmic practices. COVID-19 is highly infectious and could be life-threatening. Using our protocol and measures, we have ...

Ref: COVID-19: Special Precautions in Ophthalmic Practice and FAQs on Personal Protection and Mask Selection [Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2020]

There is also a recommendation that a medical mask, gown, gloves, and eye protection (goggles or face shield) is sufficient.

... with patients on a suspected COVID-19 positive patient must wear an N95 or FFP2 mask. There is also a recommendation that a medical mask, gown, gloves, and eye protection (goggles or face shield) is sufficient. The WHO also recommends that other staff on a ward not providing direct care require ...

Ref: A web survey to assess the use efficacy of personnel protective materials among allied health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic at North-East India [Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2020-06-09]

Pre-oxygenation should be performed using a well fitting occlusive face mask attached to a manual ventilation device with an oxygen source.

Pre-oxygenation should be performed using a well fitting occlusive face mask attached to a manual ventilation device with an oxygen source.

Ref: Consensus statement: Safe Airway Society principles of airway management and tracheal intubation specific to the COVID‐19 adult patient group [Med J Aust, 2020-05-01]

N95 masks and surgical masks in preventing the spread of infection among those at the front lines providing care.

... the implications of coronavirus-infected patients on the health care providers directly responsible for the management of these patients and the relative efficacy of different types of respiratory protective equipment mainly N95 masks and surgical masks in preventing the spread of infection among those at the front lines providing care. ...

Ref: COVID-19 and the Efficacy of Different Types of Respiratory Protective Equipment Used by Health Care Providers in a Health Care Setting [Cureus, 2020-04-10]

wearing masks sometimes (aOR 0.87; 95%CI 0.41-1.84) was not.

... 0.09-0.60) was associated with lower risk of COVID-19 infections compared to not wearing masks, while wearing masks sometimes (aOR 0.87; 95%CI 0.41-1.84) was not. Shortest distance of contact >1 meter (aOR 0.15; 95%CI 0.04-0.63), duration of close contact [≤]15 ...

Ref: Associations between wearing masks, washing hands, and social distancing practices, and risk of COVID-19 infection in public: a cohort-based case-control study in Thailand [Cureus, 2020-06-12]

the general public is consuming surgical or filtering face piece (FFP) masks irrespective of their specificity,

... wearing a face mask has become usual and ubiquitous, in both hospitals and community. However, the general public is consuming surgical or filtering face piece (FFP) masks irrespective of their specificity, leading to global supply shortage for the most exposed persons, which are healthcare workers. This ...

Ref: What face mask for what use in the context of COVID-19 pandemic? The French guidelines [J Hosp Infect, 2020-04-26]

EDB-masks could reduce the 'circumferential area of contamination' around each individual by 97.2% when used as single-layers,

... a ∼30 cm radius, we propose a working "droplet reduction model" to control COVID-19, where EDB-masks could reduce the "circumferential area of contamination" around each individual by 97.2% when used as single-layers, or as much as 99.7% when used as twolayers. 100%-cotton/polyester especially shortened the EnvDC radius ...

Ref: Textile Masks and Surface Covers—A Spray Simulation Method and a “Universal Droplet Reduction Model” Against Respiratory Pandemics [Front Med (Lausanne), 2020-05-27]