¿Cuáles son las tasas de mortalidad en general? ¿Y en poblaciones específicas?

(What are the mortality rates overall and in specific populations)


Primeras 5 respuestas:

  1. from 0.1 deaths among 30-39 year olds to 9.5 deaths among ≥80 year olds.

  2. The death rate in Spain, for example, is greater than the death rate in Germany by more than a factor of ten.

  3. we find 0.87 percent overall and 3.95 percent for age 65+.

  4. Deaths per 100k population 3 All-cause excess deaths, per 100, 000 population,

  5. The overall estimated excess was 44,352.5 deaths in persons over 60 years old and 680.4 in persons younger than 60,



from 0.1 deaths among 30-39 year olds to 9.5 deaths among ≥80 year olds.

... of increased prevalence. Findings: The COVID-19 population-level mortality rate (per 100,000 person-years) increased with age: from 0.1 deaths among 30-39 year olds to 9.5 deaths among ≥80 year olds. The ASDR (per 100,000 person-years) was 0.8 deaths. The ASDR would increase to 52.0 deaths ...

Ref: Population-Level Mortality Rates from Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in South Korea [medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2020-03-27]


The death rate in Spain, for example, is greater than the death rate in Germany by more than a factor of ten.

... COVID-19 death rates vary strikingly across Europe. The death rate in Spain, for example, is greater than the death rate in Germany by more than a factor of ten. Few if any epidemiological indicators distinguish the countries of Europe by such a vast margin. Evidence on age-specific case-fatality rates (deaths over observed ...

Ref: The Longevity-Frailty Hypothesis: Evidence from COVID-19 Death Rates in Europe [medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2020-04-17]


we find 0.87 percent overall and 3.95 percent for age 65+.

... [2020] ). Re-weighting our age-specific estimates for US population (as shown in Table 2 ) we find 0.87 percent overall and 3.95 percent for age 65+. The CDC scenario 5 ("current best estimates") assumes 35 percent asymptomatic cases and case fatality ...

Ref: Estimating Lower Bounds for COVID-19 Mortality from Northern Italian Towns [medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2020-06-12]


Deaths per 100k population 3 All-cause excess deaths, per 100, 000 population,

... that initiated the series of events that led directly to death, or the circumstances of the accident or violence that produced the fatal injury (ONS 2020). Deaths per 100k population 3 All-cause excess deaths, per 100, 000 population, from 2020 week 1 ...

Ref: Excess mortality in England and Wales during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic [medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2020-05-26]


The overall estimated excess was 44,352.5 deaths in persons over 60 years old and 680.4 in persons younger than 60,

... Italian population is presented in Table 4 , under the assumption that the 4433 study municipalities represent an unbiased sample of the population. The overall estimated excess was 44,352.5 deaths in persons over 60 years old and 680.4 in persons younger than 60, while 21,046 deaths were attributed to COVID-19. ...

Ref: How Large Was the Mortality Increase Directly and Indirectly Caused by the COVID-19 Epidemic? An Analysis on All-Causes Mortality Data in Italy [Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020-05-15]


0.87 percent overall and 3.95 percent for age 65+.

... Re-weighting our age-specific estimates for US population (as shown in Table 2 ) we find 0.87 percent overall and 3.95 percent for age 65+. The CDC scenario 5 ("current best estimates") assumes 35 percent asymptomatic cases and case fatality ...

Ref: Estimating Lower Bounds for COVID-19 Mortality from Northern Italian Towns [Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020-06-12]


Previous models of population mortality are based on death over days among infected people, nearly all of whom thus far have underlying conditions.

... impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has unknown effects on overall population mortality. Previous models of population mortality are based on death over days among infected people, nearly all of whom thus far have underlying conditions. Models have not incorporated information on high-risk conditions or their longer-term baseline (pre-COVID-19) mortality. We ...

Ref: Estimating excess 1-year mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic according to underlying conditions and age: a population-based cohort study [Lancet, 2020]


With an infection rate of 0.6 the UK is expected to observe 481 thousand deaths.

... and Northern Ireland using age-specific infection fatality rates by sex and different infection prevalence rates. With an infection rate of 0.6 the UK is expected to observe 481 thousand deaths. This figure is very large, but within the same magnitude as the estimates based on ...

Ref: The Contribution of Age Structure to the Number of Deaths from Covid-19 in the UK by Geographical Units [Lancet, 2020-04-22]


Absolute and relative mortalities can be obtained from Figures 4, 6 , 8, and 10.

... hazards for these study populations are given in Figures 3, 5 , 7, and 9. Absolute and relative mortalities can be obtained from Figures 4, 6 , 8, and 10. Hazard ratios for all study populations are presented in Table 2 . The deviations from ...

Ref: Relative Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mortality: A Swiss Population-based Study [Lancet, 2020-06-12]


Case fatality rate was negatively associated with number of hospital beds x1,000 inhabitants.

... found no evidence for association between comorbidities and case fatality rate at the country level. Case fatality rate was negatively associated with number of hospital beds x1,000 inhabitants. We also report evidence suggesting an association between case fatality rate and the political regime, ...

Ref: Why does COVID-19 case fatality rate vary among countries? [Lancet, 2020-04-22]


From the first week of April and onwards, the death rates at all ages above 60 are higher than those in previous years in Sweden.

... for 2020 and the 5 previous years. The data is provided by Statistics Sweden. Results: From the first week of April and onwards, the death rates at all ages above 60 are higher than those in previous years in Sweden. Persons above age 80 are dis-proportionally more affected, and men suffer higher levels of excess ...

Ref: EXCESS MORTALITY FROM COVID-19. WEEKLY EXCESS DEATH RATES BY AGE AND SEX FOR SWEDEN. [Lancet, 2020-05-15]


The case fatality rate was 12.6% overall and was higher in the elderly and in men [4, 5] .

... higher incidence rates in northern Italy [4] . As of April 29th, 199,470 incident cases had been diagnosed with real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) testing, with 25,215 deaths [4] . The case fatality rate was 12.6% overall and was higher in the elderly and in men [4, 5] . ...

Ref: How Large Was the Mortality Increase Directly and Indirectly Caused by the COVID-19 Epidemic? An Analysis on All-Causes Mortality Data in Italy [Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020-05-15]


A total of 5,91,971 cases and 2,70,90 deaths were registered till 28th March, 2020.

... coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), which started from Wuhan, China, in late 2019, have spread worldwide. A total of 5,91,971 cases and 2,70,90 deaths were registered till 28th March, 2020. We aimed to predict the impact of duration of exposure to COVID-19 on the mortality ...

Ref: Time-to-Death approach in revealing Chronicity and Severity of COVID-19 across the World [PLoS One, 2020]


For the median town Males 15-54 have low overall mortality and zero excess mortality.

... will bias upwards the upper tail of the across-town distribution. Table 4 shows the problem. For the median town Males 15-54 have low overall mortality and zero excess mortality. In contrast, the upper tail (the 99th percentile) shows a high observed excess mortality of ...

Ref: Estimating Lower Bounds for COVID-19 Mortality from Northern Italian Towns [PLoS One, 2020-06-12]


Age-adjusted COVID-19-related mortality rates of the different ethnic groups were also obtained.

... York authorities in relation to total number of cases in the different boroughs of NYC. Age-adjusted COVID-19-related mortality rates of the different ethnic groups were also obtained. These data were cross-compared with historic community health data on obesity rates previously published and ...

Ref: Are black and Hispanic persons disproportionately affected by COVID-19 because of higher obesity rates? [Surg. obes. relat. dis, 2020]


In March 2020, monthly all cause mortality reached a peak of 154.4 per 1000 person years.

... around 10 per 1000 person years, with a maximum of 21.5 per 1000 person years. In March 2020, monthly all cause mortality reached a peak of 154.4 per 1000 person years. For the first 11 days in April, this rate decreased to 23.0 per 1000 person ...

Ref: Use of all cause mortality to quantify the consequences of covid-19 in Nembro, Lombardy: descriptive study [BMJ, 2020-05-14]


The case fatality rate, CFR, corresponds to the number of deaths to date divided by the total number of cases to date.

... (see Eqs. (8) and (14) in the main text) of SARS-CoV-2 infections in different countries. The case fatality rate, CFR, corresponds to the number of deaths to date divided by the total number of cases to date. Another population-based mortality ratio is M 0 p (t), the number of deaths divided by ...

Ref: Why case fatality ratios can be misleading: individual- and population-based mortality estimates and factors influencing them [BMJ, 2020-03-26]


The mortality rate is 16.2% (16/99 cases) in dialysis patients,

... there was a not surprising increase in the number of COVID-19 cases in dialysis patients. The mortality rate is 16.2% (16/99 cases) in dialysis patients, which is higher than 5.3% (874/16532 cases) in the general population. This higher mortality rate ...

Ref: COVID-19 in dialysis patients in Japan: Current status and guidance on preventive measures. [Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, 2020-06-07]


For most of these deaths, unspecific pneumonia is listed as the primary cause of death.

... not the case for most global epicenters in the third cohort [12] . Containment measures such as isolation, quarantine, lockdown and social distancing are highly effective [13, 14] in provided. For most of these deaths, unspecific pneumonia is listed as the primary cause of death. ...

Ref: Evaluating the massive underreporting and undertesting of COVID-19 cases in multiple global epicenters [Pulmonology, 2020-06-06]


The probability of death among infected individuals with symptoms is estimated at 3.3% (2.9-3.8),

... die, with even more important differences by age group than suggested by the raw data. The probability of death among infected individuals with symptoms is estimated at 3.3% (2.9-3.8), with a 4 . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a is ...

Ref: Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 mortality during the early stages of an epidemic: a modelling study in Hubei, China and northern Italy [Pulmonology, 2020-03-06]


The first one is simply a death rate, structured like the CDR, that is, expressed in deaths per person-year.

... address these shortcomings, this article illustrates the properties of 3 comparative indicators of CoViD-19 mortality. The first one is simply a death rate, structured like the CDR, that is, expressed in deaths per person-year. This indicator only requires an estimated or projected number of CoViD-19 deaths in a given ...

Ref: Beyond Deaths per Capita: Three CoViD-19 Mortality Indicators for Temporal and International Comparisons [medRxiv, 2020-05-30]


deaths per 1 million people, case fatality rate, and case proportion of critical illness.

... healthcare infrastructure. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated between the aforementioned metrics and following outcome measures: deaths per 1 million people, case fatality rate, and case proportion of critical illness. Fractional polynomials were used to generate scatter plots to model the relationship between the testing ...

Ref: Correlation of population mortality of COVID-19 and testing coverage: a comparison among 36 OECD countries and Taiwan [medRxiv, 2020-05-29]


The 1-year mortality in the at-risk population was 4.46%,

... pulmonary disease, COPD (0.5%). Multimorbidity (co-occurrence of ≥2 conditions in an individual) was common (10.1%). The 1-year mortality in the at-risk population was 4.46%, and age and underlying conditions combine to influence background risk, varying markedly across conditions (5.9% ...

Ref: Estimating excess 1- year mortality from COVID-19 according to underlying conditions and age in England: a rapid analysis using NHS health records in 3.8 million adults [medRxiv, 2020-03-24]


Detailed age-and sex-specific death rates allowed us to go one step further in measuring COVID-19's potential impact.

... Detailed age-and sex-specific death rates allowed us to go one step further in measuring COVID-19"s potential impact. We aimed to apply the same mortality schedule to populations with different age and sex structures, in order to simulate the impact of COVID mortality and to compare the resulting ...

Ref: COVID-19 death rates by age and sex and the resulting mortality vulnerability of countries and regions in the world [medRxiv, 2020-05-20]


Covid19 mortality rates.

... vaccine to manage the SARS-CoV-2pandemic is a global healthcare priority because of high transmissibility and Covid19 mortality rates. However, following a small, non-human primate . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available ...

Ref: Association of Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), Adult Pneumococcal and Adult Seasonal Influenza Vaccines with Covid-19 Adjusted Mortality Rates in Level 4 European countries [medRxiv, 2020-06-05]


The overall rate of severe cases and mortality was 16.0% and 3.2%, respectively.

... 2020), 1590 cases from 575 hospitals in 31 provincial administrative regions were collected (core cohort). The overall rate of severe cases and mortality was 16.0% and 3.2%, respectively. Patients in Hubei (predominantly with Wuhan-related exposure, 597 (92.3%) out of 647) were older (mean ...

Ref: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 treated in Hubei (epicentre) and outside Hubei (non-epicentre): a nationwide analysis of China [Eur. respir. j, 2020]


The mortality risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is higher in patients with older age,

... BACKGROUND: The mortality risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is higher in patients with older age, and many elderly patients are reported to require advanced respiratory support METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 98 patients aged ≥ 65 years who were hospitalized with COVID-19 during ...

Ref: Risk Factors for Mortality and Respiratory Support in Elderly Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Korea [Journal of Korean medical science, 2020]


Mortality by COVID-19 is lower in women than in men.

Mortality by COVID-19 is lower in women than in men. 1 Mortality pertains mostly to older ages, 17

Ref: Age-related difference in the rate of COVID-19 mortality in women versus men [Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2020-05-24]


Case fatality rate is shown to rise as the outbreak progresses (p = 0.028).

... 0.75) and latitude (p = 0.61 and 0.059) did not reach significance in our model. Case fatality rate is shown to rise as the outbreak progresses (p = 0.028). We rank countries by COVID-19 mortality corrected for incidence and the factors that were shown ...

Ref: Untangling factors associated with country-specific COVID-19 incidence, mortality and case fatality rates during the first quarter of 2020 [Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2020-04-27]


Overall, 8 out of 69 (11.6%) patients died,

... clinical variables were retrospectively collected, including co-morbidities and risk factors for TB and COVID-19 mortality. Overall, 8 out of 69 (11.6%) patients died, 7 from cohort A (14.3%) and one from cohort B (5%). Out of 69 patients ...

Ref: Tuberculosis, COVID-19 and migrants: preliminary analysis of deaths occurring in 69 patients from two cohorts [Pulmonology, 2020-05-14]


We contrasted county‐level mortality rates per 100,000 population (MRs) by county‐level factors.

... 24, 2020 by extracting data on incidence and mortality from various national and state datasets. We contrasted county‐level mortality rates per 100,000 population (MRs) by county‐level factors. RESULTS: Metropolitan Atlanta had the overall highest number of confirmed cases; however, the southwestern rural ...

Ref: Epidemiology of the 2020 pandemic of COVID‐19 in the state of Georgia: Inadequate critical care resources and impact after 7 weeks of community spread [J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open, 2020-05-26]


The overall rates of COVID-19 cases and related deaths are 542 cases/100K population and 30 deaths/100K population,

... Fig. 1A ). Obesity prevalence ranged from 23.0% to 39.5% with a mean of 31.3 ± 0.5% across the states (Fig. 1B) . The overall rates of COVID-19 cases and related deaths are 542 cases/100K population and 30 deaths/100K population, respectively ( Fig. 1C and 1D ). ...

Ref: Implications of the reverse associations between obesity prevalence and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases and related deaths in the United States [J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open, 2020-06-11]


We performed univariable and multivariable regression modeling and odds ratio analyses to investigate associations with COVID-19 cases, deaths, and epidemic growth rate.

... date of the first reported case, as well as country/territory-level population, geographic, and planetary data. We performed univariable and multivariable regression modeling and odds ratio analyses to investigate associations with COVID-19 cases, deaths, and epidemic growth rate. We also conducted maximum likelihood analysis to estimate the timing of initial community spread. Findings. ...

Ref: Predictors of COVID-19 incidence, mortality, and epidemic growth rate at the country level [J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open, 2020-05-19]


FIG.1 shows the Covid-19 mortality rate in the federal states vs the average local air humidity in March.

... in German federal states (Wiki-Pandemic-Germany, 2020) where the majority of deaths happened last March 2020. FIG.1 shows the Covid-19 mortality rate in the federal states vs the average local air humidity in March. The local air humidity was defined as proxy recorded in the largest city of each ...

Ref: Role of a habitat's air humidity in Covid-19 mortality [Sci Total Environ, 2020-05-22]


Among 6,158 positive or presumed positive diagnosed cases, 3,273 (50%) were admitted to one of five hospitals;

... impact of demographics and clinical characteristics on inpatient mortality in the Mount Sinai Health System. Among 6,158 positive or presumed positive diagnosed cases, 3,273 (50%) were admitted to one of five hospitals; of those admitted, 742 died (22%) and 1,706 recovered and discharged (52%) by the end ...

Ref: Analysis of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the Mount Sinai Health System using electronic medical records (EMR) reveals important prognostic factors for improved clinical outcomes [Sci Total Environ, 2020-05-04]


up to May 5th, 2020, about 3,517,345 cases and 243,401 deaths have been confirmed (1) .

... disease (COVID-19) is spreading widely with an exponential growth infection rate in several countries worldwide: up to May 5th, 2020, about 3,517,345 cases and 243,401 deaths have been confirmed (1) . In Europe overall, about 1.5 million official cases have been reported, and Spain, Italy, and ...

Ref: Official Data and Analytical Forecasts: Differences and Similarities Among Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Confirmed Cases and Deaths [Front Med (Lausanne), 2020-05-19]


Mortality rate: 19/45 cancer patients vs 5586/42,450 (p = 0.0001).

... detected 45/1069 Covid-19 diagnoses in cancer patients vs 42,450/6,662,000 in total population (p < 0.00001). Mortality rate: 19/45 cancer patients vs 5586/42,450 (p = 0.0001). Mortality was associated with older median age, adjusted by staging and histology (74 vs 63.5 ...

Ref: Covid-19 transmission, outcome and associated risk factors in cancer patients at the first month of the pandemic in a Spanish hospital in Madrid [Clin. transl. oncol. (Print), 2020]


Overall, death from Covid-19 increases monotonically and steeply with age.

... Overall, death from Covid-19 increases monotonically and steeply with age. This is in contrast with other respiratory pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus (14) and seasonal influenza (15, 16) which cause substantial numbers of deaths in children and have a ...

Ref: Is death from Covid-19 a multistep process? [Clin. transl. oncol. (Print), 2020-06-03]


Overall, 4,705 COVID-19 hospitalized patients were identified.

... Overall, 4,705 COVID-19 hospitalized patients were identified. We excluded 1,047 patients who were still hospitalized during the study period, and 252 patients with missing BMI. The final cohort included 3,406 patients. 572 patients were younger than 50 ...

Ref: Morbid Obesity as an Independent Risk Factor for COVID‐19 Mortality in Hospitalized Patients Younger than 50 [Obesity (Silver Spring), 2020-05-23]


Countries reporting at least 25 daily deaths up to the 1 st of May 2020 with available data for all chose predictors were included.

... Countries reporting at least 25 daily deaths up to the 1 st of May 2020 with available data for all chose predictors were included. A total of 31 countries were included in the analysis: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, ...

Ref: Number of International Arrivals Predicts Severity of the first Global Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic [Obesity (Silver Spring), 2020-05-16]


Our general population had a high fatality rate, with a 13.2% of deaths at data cut off [9] .

... Our general population had a high fatality rate, with a 13.2% of deaths at data cut off [9] . However, we obtained significant differences within mortality terms in cancer patients, rising up to 42.2% (p = 0.0001). When we searched differences in the mortality rate between all Covid-19 patients ...

Ref: Covid-19 transmission, outcome and associated risk factors in cancer patients at the first month of the pandemic in a Spanish hospital in Madrid [Clin Transl Oncol, 2020-05-25]


We find that the highest excess mortality for Blacks is the Deep South and the Upper Midwest, while disparities are smallest in the Northeast and West.

... to an a better understanding of the causes of racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 death rates. We find that the highest excess mortality for Blacks is the Deep South and the Upper Midwest, while disparities are smallest in the Northeast and West. Understanding the reasons for this pattern is an important topic for future research. This paper ...

Ref: Improved measurement of racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 mortality in the United States [medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2020-05-23]


In both genders, overall mortality was stable until February 2020 and abruptly increased from March 1st onwards.

... Data were analyzed by region, sex and age, and compared to expected from 2015-2019. Results: In both genders, overall mortality was stable until February 2020 and abruptly increased from March 1st onwards. Within the municipalities studied, 77,339 deaths were observed in the period between March 1st to ...

Ref: How Large Was the Mortality Increase Directly and Indirectly Caused by the COVID-19 Epidemic? An Analysis on All-Causes Mortality Data in Italy [Int. j. environ. res. public health (Online), 2020]


The medical, societal, and economic impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has unknown effects on overall population mortality.

... BACKGROUND: The medical, societal, and economic impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has unknown effects on overall population mortality. Previous models of population mortality are based on death over days among infected people, nearly all of whom thus far have underlying conditions. Models have not incorporated information on ...

Ref: Estimating excess 1-year mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic according to underlying conditions and age: a population-based cohort study [Lancet, 2020]


0.1 deaths among 30-39 year olds to 9.5 deaths among ≥80 year olds.

... increased prevalence. Findings: The COVID-19 population-level mortality rate (per 100,000 person-years) increased with age: from 0.1 deaths among 30-39 year olds to 9.5 deaths among ≥80 year olds. The ASDR (per 100,000 person-years) was 0.8 deaths. The ASDR would increase to 52.0 deaths ...

Ref: Population-Level Mortality Rates from Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in South Korea [medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2020-03-27]


Rates of hospitalization and death are less than 0.1% in children, but increase to 10% or more in older people.

... highly contagious virus, can have serious health consequences, though risks of complications are highly age-dependent. Rates of hospitalization and death are less than 0.1% in children, but increase to 10% or more in older people. Moreover, at all ages, men are more likely than women to suffer serious consequences from ...

Ref: A geroscience perspective on COVID-19 mortality [J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2020-04-17]


We calculated age-standardised mortality rates and life expectancy contributions for the UK and its constituent nations.

... poisoning and socioeconomic inequality with estimates of mortality from an infectious disease model of COVID-19. We calculated age-standardised mortality rates and life expectancy contributions for the UK and its constituent nations. Results Mortality from a fully unmitigated COVID-19 pandemic is estimated to be responsible for a ...

Ref: Scaling COVID-19 against inequalities: should the policy response consistently match the mortality challenge? [J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2020-05-07]


388,759 cases were died worldwide up to June 4, 2020.

... (WHO) on March 26, 2020 1 . According to Worldometer metrics, this novel virus has been responsible for approximately 6,615,298 infections, of which 3, 195 ,971 cases are recovered and 388,759 cases were died worldwide up to June 4, 2020. ...

Ref: The Role of Vitamin D in The Age of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Along with an Ecological Approach [J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2020-06-08]


Mortality rates ranged between 0.17 (South Africa) and 9.25 (Indonesia; Fig. 2 ).

... 36 countries (Fig. 1) . We found substantial variation in infection rates (glm coefficients) across countries, which ranged between 1.22x10 -07 (Denmark) and 3.29x10 -06 (United States; Fig. 1 ). Mortality rates ranged between 0.17 (South Africa) and 9.25 (Indonesia; Fig. 2 ). ...

Ref: Globalized low-income countries may experience higher COVID-19 mortality rates [J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2020-04-03]


At the time of writing, there are more than 427 thousand people die of COVID-19 and more than 7.7 million people infected.

... syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), which is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. The outbreak was first identified in Wuhan, China, and it has quickly spread over all continents in the world. At the time of writing, there are more than 427 thousand people die of COVID-19 and more than 7.7 million people infected. ...

Ref: Explore the Possible Impact of BCG Vaccination Policy on the Morbidity, Mortality, and Recovery Rates due to COVID-19 Infection. [J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2020-06-16]


about 7% progress to respiratory failure, septic shock, or multiple organ failure).

... The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted March 27, 2020. about 7% progress to respiratory failure, septic shock, or multiple organ failure). Individuals at highest risk for severe disease and death include people aged over 60 years and individuals with ...

Ref: Disparities in Age-Specific Morbidity and Mortality from SARS-CoV-2 in China and the Republic of Korea [J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2020-03-27]


Among those older than 70 years, 1-year mortality rates were 13·6% (12·9-14·3) for COPD,

... (6·25-6·49) for those with cardiovascular disease, and 4·1% (4·0-4·2) for those with diabetes (figure 2). Among those older than 70 years, 1-year mortality rates were 13·6% (12·9-14·3) for COPD, 11·5% (11·0-12·1) for chronic kidney disease, 10·4% (10·1-10·7) for cardio vascular disease, and 8·9% (8·5-9·4) ...

Ref: Estimating excess 1-year mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic according to underlying conditions and age: a population-based cohort study [Lancet, 2020-05-12]


A pooled analysis observed 251 deaths in 1331 participants of the Hydroxychloroquine arm and 363 deaths in 1577 participants of the control arm.

... add on to the standard care and effect was compared with the standard care alone. A pooled analysis observed 251 deaths in 1331 participants of the Hydroxychloroquine arm and 363 deaths in 1577 participants of the control arm. There was no difference in odds of mortality events amongst Hydroxychloroquine and supportive care arm ...

Ref: Does Adding of Hydroxychloroquine to the Standard Care Provide any Benefit in Reducing the Mortality among COVID-19 Patients?: a Systematic Review [J Neuroimmune Pharmacol, 2020-06-09]


showing a dramatically higher burden of mortality in countries with older versus younger populations.

... how the pandemic could unfold in populations with similar population sizes but different age structures, showing a dramatically higher burden of mortality in countries with older versus younger populations. This powerful interaction of demography and current age-specific mortality for COVID-19 suggests that social distancing ...

Ref: Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19 [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2020]


an overall 4,805 (+ 45%) excess deaths were observed in Italian cities,

... Italy ( Figure 1 ). From the start of the COVID-19 epidemic until 18 April, an overall 4,805 (+ 45%) excess deaths were observed in Italian cities, with a significantly higher excess in cities in the north (+ 76%, +4,295 deaths) compared ...

Ref: Mortality impacts of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak by sex and age: rapid mortality surveillance system, Italy, 1 February to 18 April 2020 [Euro Surveill, 2020-05-14]


incidence and mortality rates in some small cities and nonmetropolitan counties approximate those in epicenters such as New York City.

... cities and their surrounding metropolitan areas are hotspots of the pandemic, it is counterintuitive that incidence and mortality rates in some small cities and nonmetropolitan counties approximate those in epicenters such as New York City. Regression analyses support the hypotheses of positive correlations between COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates and ...

Ref: Spatial Disparities in Coronavirus Incidence and Mortality in the United States: An Ecological Analysis as of May 2020. [The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association, 2020-06-16]


By April 28, 2020, there are nearly three millions confirmed COVID-19 cases and over 200,000 confirmed deaths globally 2 .

... spreads out and was declared as a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020 and a pandemic on March 11, 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). By April 28, 2020, there are nearly three millions confirmed COVID-19 cases and over 200,000 confirmed deaths globally 2 . ...

Ref: Health and Demographic Impact on COVID-19 Infection and Mortality in US Counties [The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association, 2020-05-11]


excess mortality during that season summed up to an exceptional number of 9400 cases in the entire population (Reukers et al. 2018) .

... Through a variety of reasons, including an ineffective influenza vaccine and a very cold winter, excess mortality during that season summed up to an exceptional number of 9400 cases in the entire population (Reukers et al. 2018) . Although the disease (mostly influenza type-B) and its development were different from Covid-19, and no ...

Ref: Mortality of people with intellectual disabilities during the 2017/2018 influenza epidemic in the Netherlands: potential implications for the COVID‐19 pandemic [J Intellect Disabil Res, 2020-05-26]


The overall case fatality rate of March 23 in Italy (7.2%) is substantially higher than in China (2.3%).

... . However, the highest mortality was found in Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, France, and Iran. The overall case fatality rate of March 23 in Italy (7.2%) is substantially higher than in China (2.3%). Now, the fatality rate of Italy has increased to 13.3% as of April 21 (number ...

Ref: Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19-Related Patient Outcomes in Different Countries and Plan of Action: A Retrospective Analysis [Cureus, 2020-06-04]


The death rate of COVID-19 ranges from 0.75% to 3% and may decrease in the future.

... China overall, Hubei province, Wuhan city, and the rest of the country except Hubei province. The death rate of COVID-19 ranges from 0.75% to 3% and may decrease in the future. The results showed that the real death numbers had fallen into the predicted ranges. In ...

Ref: Real-time estimation and prediction of mortality caused by COVID-19 with patient information based algorithm [Sci Total Environ, 2020]


We stratified the entire population by into eight groups, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 216 8

... and dead among the entire population, and the subscript index n denotes age 215 group. We stratified the entire population by into eight groups, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 216 8 for < 10 years old (yo), 10-19 yo, 20-29 yo, 30-39 yo, 40-49 yo, 50-59 ...

Ref: Does susceptibility to novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection differ by age?: Insights from mathematical modelling [Sci Total Environ, 2020-06-09]


COVID-19 patients die from severe pneumonia triggered by the specific virus infection.

... COVID-19 patients die from severe pneumonia triggered by the specific virus infection. Many other pathogens are also known to cause pneumonia, which is particularly deadly for the elderly; however, older people are not always affected by viral infection or pneumonia, e.g. the ...

Ref: COVID-19 is an emergent disease of aging [Sci Total Environ, 2020-04-15]


With a total of 6511 cases in a population of 5.8 million,

... and with a national health service, the epidemiology of the pandemic has been very different. With a total of 6511 cases in a population of 5.8 million, only 299 COVID-19 related deaths have been reported from as of 14 April 2020. However, ...

Ref: Deaths from Covid-19: Who are the forgotten victims? [Sci Total Environ, 2020-04-24]


We share age-specific (5-year age bands) and sexspecific estimates of prevalence and 1-year mortality for each underlying condition.

... We share age-specific (5-year age bands) and sexspecific estimates of prevalence and 1-year mortality for each underlying condition. These population-based estimates might be relevant for other countries, particularly those in which population-based records are neither available nor accessible. As an illustration, we show estimates of excess deaths in ...

Ref: Estimating excess 1-year mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic according to underlying conditions and age: a population-based cohort study [Lancet, 2020-05-12]


Rates in general population range between 0.067 (Emilia) and 0.003 (Sicily).

... Outside Lombardy, mortality rates have wide variability. Rates in general population range between 0.067 (Emilia) and 0.003 (Sicily). Rates in Doctors, too, show high variability, ranging between 0.057 (Marche) and 0.009 (Lazio). However, some Regions (e.g, Piedmont, Emilia, Veneto) have mortality ...

Ref: Covid-19 mortality in Italian Doctors [J Infect, 2020-05-21]


The overall estimated mortality rate ranges from 2-7%, depending on the country,

... 25% need to be admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) (2, 8, 9) . The overall estimated mortality rate ranges from 2-7%, depending on the country, although age and the presence of comorbidities are important factors in determining the risk of ...

Ref: Epidemiological, socio-demographic and clinical features of the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Ecuador [J Infect, 2020-05-13]


The total number of deaths was 323,057, of which 56,961 were excess deaths compared with the 5-year average.

... May 2020 in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland and 24 th May 2020 in Scotland. The total number of deaths was 323,057, of which 56,961 were excess deaths compared with the 5-year average. There were 47,975 COVID-related deaths, representing the majority (84%) of excess deaths, . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 ...

Ref: TRACKing Excess Deaths (TRACKED): an interactive online tool to monitor excess deaths associated with COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom [J Infect, 2020-06-07]


A total of 100 mortalities (Overall CFR-1.67%) were analysed.

A total of 100 mortalities (Overall CFR-1.67%) were analysed. Incidence and mortalities showed an exponential trend over time (Fig: 1) .

Ref: Mortality Analysis of COVID-19 Confirmed cases in Pakistan [J Infect, 2020-06-09]


23% of the Italian population were 65 years or older.

... rates in Italy compared to other countries, for example, were explained by the fact that 23% of the Italian population were 65 years or older. In addition, compared to China, a much higher proportion of the infected population are older ...

Ref: Are African American and Hispanics Disproportionately Affected by COVID-19 Because of Higher Obesity Rates? [Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2020-05-11]


Lung cancer patients have a higher mortality rate than general population, with 52.3% of dead patients in our series.

... Lung cancer patients have a higher mortality rate than general population, with 52.3% of dead patients in our series. Due to the high lethality in this subgroup of cancer patients, it is important to try to minimize visits to hospitals (without removing their active treatments) in order to decrease ...

Ref: Covid-19 and lung cancer: A greater fatality rate? [Lung Cancer, 2020-05-30]


the standardised mortality ratio was only 0.22 and 0.25, respectively, corresponding to reduction of deaths rates to a quarter.

... population of Africa and of other continents. Compared to a European or Northern American population, the standardised mortality ratio was only 0.22 and 0.25, respectively, corresponding to reduction of deaths rates to a quarter. Compared to the Asian and Latin American & Caribbean population, the SMR was 0.43 and ...

Ref: The potential effect of the African population age structure on COVID-19 mortality [Lung Cancer, 2020-05-21]


The 1-year mortality in the at-risk population was 4.46%, and age and underlying conditions combine to influence background risk,

... pulmonary disease, COPD (0.5%). Multimorbidity (co-occurrence of ≥2 conditions in an individual) was common (10.1%). The 1-year mortality in the at-risk population was 4.46%, and age and underlying conditions combine to influence background risk, varying markedly across conditions (5.9% in age>70 years, 8.6% for COPD and 13.1% in those ...

Ref: Estimating excess 1- year mortality from COVID-19 according to underlying conditions and age in England: a rapid analysis using NHS health records in 3.8 million adults [Lung Cancer, 2020-03-24]


The majority of fatalities thus far in the COVID-19 pandemic have been attributed to pneumonia.

... The majority of fatalities thus far in the COVID-19 pandemic have been attributed to pneumonia. As expected, the fatality rate reported in China is higher in people with chronic pulmonary disease (6.3%) and those who have cancer (5.6%). According to the American College of Cardiology ...

Ref: Microvascular Disease Confers Additional Risk to COVID-19 Infection [Med Hypotheses, 2020-06-15]


The overall mortality rate of diagnosed cases is 3.4%, [4] ranging from 0.2 to 22.7%,

... multiorgan failure, or even death. To date, more than 300,000 patients have died from COVID-19. The overall mortality rate of diagnosed cases is 3.4%, [4] ranging from 0.2 to 22.7%, depending on age group and other health problems [5, 6] . It has been reported ...

Ref: Cancer history is an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a propensity score-matched analysis [J Hematol Oncol, 2020-06-10]


BCG vaccination score remained significantly associated with Covid 19 mortality at day 30.

... proportion over 65 years), net migration, days from day 1 to lockdown and case-fatality rate, BCG vaccination score remained significantly associated with Covid 19 mortality at day 30. In the best fit model, BCG vaccination score was associated with a 64% reduction in ...

Ref: Association of Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), Adult Pneumococcal and Adult Seasonal Influenza Vaccines with Covid-19 Adjusted Mortality Rates in Level 4 European countries [J Hematol Oncol, 2020-06-05]


Severe illness due to the COVID-19 leads to death (mortality rate of 3% approximately) [10] .

... another, but the likelihood of getting infected is higher among older population, on various medical conditions, such as, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, cancer and chronic respiratory diseases [9, 10] . Severe illness due to the COVID-19 leads to death (mortality rate of 3% approximately) [10] . ...

Ref: Time-to-Death approach in revealing Chronicity and Severity of COVID-19 across the World [PLoS One, 2020-05-12]


In this study, we reported 76 death of COVID-19.

... In this study, we reported 76 death of COVID-19. Most patients had pulmonary consolidation and hypoxemia which was difficult to recover. The clinical characteristics of these patients indicated that the age and underlying diseases were the most important risk ...

Ref: Clinical Features and Short-term Outcomes of Elderly Patients With COVID-19 [Int J Infect Dis, 2020-05-31]


Crude CFRs could by biased by larger proportions of older COVID-19 cases in population data, who are also at increased mortality risk.

... Background The reported crude case fatality rate (CFR) for COVID-19 varies considerably across countries. Crude CFRs could by biased by larger proportions of older COVID-19 cases in population data, who are also at increased mortality risk. Such distorted age case structures are a common feature of selective COVID 19 testing strategies in ...

Ref: Enhanced comparisons of COVID-19 mortality across populations [Int J Infect Dis, 2020-06-16]


the Bronx (6%) and Brooklyn (5.4%).

... groups in NYC. RESULTS: The 2 NYC boroughs that have the highest mortality rates are the Bronx (6%) and Brooklyn (5.4%). Both the Bronx and Brooklyn were also found to have the highest obesity rates at ...

Ref: Are black and Hispanic persons disproportionately affected by COVID-19 because of higher obesity rates? [Surg. obes. relat. dis, 2020]


Age and gender of the mortality excess differ significantly from the laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 deaths.

... Age and gender of the mortality excess differ significantly from the laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 deaths. The following Fig.2 shows the comparison between the distributions subtracted of historical data for cities in the Northern part of Italy (Brescia, Milan, Genoa, and Bologna), where the impact of ...

Ref: Monitoring the Covid-19 epidemics in Italy from mortality data [Surg. obes. relat. dis, 2020-05-11]


183,619 deaths from Western Europe and the USA.

... authorities, has allowed us to compute age and sex patterns of its mortality, based on 183,619 deaths from Western Europe and the USA. We highlight the specific age schedule of COVID-19 mortality and its pronounced excess male mortality ...

Ref: COVID-19 death rates by age and sex and the resulting mortality vulnerability of countries and regions in the world [Surg. obes. relat. dis, 2020-05-20]


38, 39 in DALYs lost and mortality.

... posted May 20, 2020. . https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.14.20102202 doi: medRxiv preprint intensive care, and particularly to oxygen, may reduce recovery rates for severe cases in Uganda and more broadly in this region 38, 39 in DALYs lost and mortality. ...

Ref: COVID-19 in Uganda: Predicting the impact of the disease and public health response on disease burden [Surg. obes. relat. dis, 2020-05-20]


Singapore is notable with zero deaths thus far, but have had only one confirmed case over 80 and only 10/200 cases above age 70.

... (6) , with only 3.3% of cases falling into the very vulnerable >80 group. (7) Singapore is notable with zero deaths thus far, but have had only one confirmed case over 80 and only 10/200 cases above age 70. (8) COVID-19 transmission chains that begin in younger populations may have a low number of ...

Ref: Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19 [Surg. obes. relat. dis, 2020-03-18]


A higher mortality rate of 38.5% (5/13) was also seen among current smokers.

... smokers in all studies using meta-analysis of proportions of current smokers that had confirmed COVID-19. There was a pooled prevalence of 9%, (95% CI, 4%-14%), Fig 3. [18, 29] . A higher mortality rate of 38.5% (5/13) was also seen among current smokers. ...

Ref: Prevalence, Severity and Mortality associated with COPD and Smoking in patients with COVID-19: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [PLoS One, 2020-05-11]


The number of cases were proportional to the number of deaths.

... COVID-19 is highly contagious and has affected 750890 people, with a mortality rate of 4.84%. The number of cases were proportional to the number of deaths. There was a great fluctuation in the biological and epidemiological trends both in the growth ...

Ref: Biological and Epidemiological Trends in the Prevalence and Mortality due to Outbreaks of Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 [J King Saud Univ Sci, 2020-04-09]


severe cases, critical cases and fatal COVID-19 cases during delivery hospitalization in the United States.

... to forecast the incidence of COVID-19 in general population and to forecast the overall incidence, severe cases, critical cases and fatal COVID-19 cases during delivery hospitalization in the United States. Study design: We use a phenomenological model with generalized logistic growth models to forecast the ...

Ref: Forecasting the Impact of Coronavirus Disease During Delivery Hospitalization: An Aid for Resources Utilization [Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM, 2020]


the mortality rate of COVID-19 (the number of deaths divided by the number of confirmed cases) in each US county.

... outcome variables include the infection rate of COVID-19 (the number of confirmed cases divided by the population), and the mortality rate of COVID-19 (the number of deaths divided by the number of confirmed cases) in each US county. We did a log-transformation on the infection and mortality rates of COVID-19. ...

Ref: Health and Demographic Impact on COVID-19 Infection and Mortality in US Counties [Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM, 2020-05-11]


Men over 65 are the most affected population group, with around twice the increase in deaths compared to that of women over 65.

... considering data from COVID-19 deaths, the largest increase in mortality is felt in the elderly. Men over 65 are the most affected population group, with around twice the increase in deaths compared to that of women over 65. This may reflect a higher degree of frailty in elderly men, compared to elderly women, ...

Ref: Excess mortality during COVID-19 in five European countries and a critique of mortality analysis data [Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM, 2020-05-02]


The incidence of in-hospital death was 38.6% and morbidity reported was like what has been described in the literature.

... among underserved minority populations. These patients lived in densely populated areas with significantly lower median income and reported a higher in-hospital mortality rate than what is described in the literature. The incidence of in-hospital death was 38.6% and morbidity reported was like what has been described in the literature. ...

Ref: Coronavirus disease 19 in minority populations of Newark, New Jersey [Int J Equity Health, 2020-06-10]


n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 216 8

... index n denotes age 215 group. We stratified the entire population by into eight groups, n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 216 8 for < 10 years old (yo), 10-19 yo, 20-29 yo, 30-39 yo, 40-49 yo, 50-59 ...

Ref: Does susceptibility to novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection differ by age?: Insights from mathematical modelling [Int J Equity Health, 2020-06-09]


The total mortality rate was 9.6%.

... were included. Of these patients, 124 underwent a surgical procedure and 12 were managed nonoperatively. The total mortality rate was 9.6%. Sixty-two patients were tested for COVID-19, with 23 patients being positive. The mortality rate for ...

Ref: Mortality Rates of Patients with Proximal Femoral Fracture in a Worldwide Pandemic: Preliminary Results of the Spanish HIP-COVID Observational Study [J. bone jt. sur. Ser. A, Am. vol, 2020]


For people categorised as women and as men, we computed their agestandardised 2020 mortality rates

... Massachusetts mortality data for the period Jan 1 to April 14 for the years 2015-20. For people categorised as women and as men, we computed their agestandardised 2020 mortality rates and compared them, in both relative and absolute terms, to their average rates for 2015-19, ...

Ref: Excess mortality in men and women in Massachusetts during the COVID-19 pandemic [Lancet, 2020-05-27]


Normal status of Vit among a population reduces the risk for CVD by 42% (calculated from a risk factor of 1.7).

... Relative risk=odds ratio / (1−p0+(p0×odds ratio)) (2) where p0 is the baseline risk. Normal status of Vit among a population reduces the risk for CVD by 42% (calculated from a risk factor of 1.7). Reduction the CVD% among a population will reduces the risk of a severe COVID-19. ...

Ref: The Role of Vitamin D in Suppressing Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 Patients and Associated Mortality [Lancet, 2020-04-10]


severe cases, critical cases and fatal COVID-19 cases during 76 delivery hospitalization in the US.

... The aim of our study is to forecast the incidence of COVID-19 in US general population and to 75 forecast the overall incidence, severe cases, critical cases and fatal COVID-19 cases during 76 delivery hospitalization in the US. 77 ...

Ref: Forecasting the Impact of Coronavirus Disease During Delivery Hospitalization: An Aid for Resources Utilization [Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM, 2020-04-25]


the Crude Death Rate (CDR) and life expectancy at birth for recent calendar years are the most widely available overall mortality indicators.

... (CCMR) only requires population age and sex compositions. To compare CoViD-19 and overall mortality levels, the Crude Death Rate (CDR) and life expectancy at birth for recent calendar years are the most widely available overall mortality indicators. Readily comparable to an annual CDR, a Crude CoViD-19 Death Rate (CCDR) can be calculated ...

Ref: Beyond Deaths per Capita: Three CoViD-19 Mortality Indicators for Temporal and International Comparisons [medRxiv, 2020-05-30]


in Lombardia 0.5% of total population in age group 70-79 died,

... from COVID-19 by the time the pandemic is over. We find a steep age dependence of PFR: in Lombardia 0.5% of total population in age group 70-79 died, 1.5% in age group 80-89, and 3% in the age group above 90. ...

Ref: Total COVID-19 Mortality in Italy: Excess Mortality and Age Dependence through Time-Series Analysis [medRxiv, 2020-04-20]


(1) asthma; (2) diabetes; (3) heart disease; (4) cancer.

... 2020) for four underlying health conditions known to affect COVID-19 mortality rate, broadly defined as: (1) asthma; (2) diabetes; (3) heart disease; (4) cancer. In addition, we adjusted for comorbidity associated with smoking in the same way (Guan et ...

Ref: Estimated inequities in COVID-19 infection fatality rates by ethnicity for Aotearoa New Zealand [medRxiv, 2020-04-24]


The data provided by ISTAT include the daily number of deaths for 1,689 municipalities.

... The data provided by ISTAT include the daily number of deaths for 1,689 municipalities. These municipalities are not a representative sample of Italian municipalities and have been selected by ISTAT following three criteria: (i) the completeness and timely recollection of information; (ii) number of ...

Ref: A Simple Early Warning Signal for COVID-19 [medRxiv, 2020-05-05]


high transmissibility and Covid19 mortality rates.

... search for a vaccine to manage the SARS-CoV-2pandemic is a global healthcare priority because of high transmissibility and Covid19 mortality rates. However, following a small, non-human primate . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available ...

Ref: Association of Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), Adult Pneumococcal and Adult Seasonal Influenza Vaccines with Covid-19 Adjusted Mortality Rates in Level 4 European countries [medRxiv, 2020-06-05]


The overall burden of serious cases and mortality reflects linkages between the age distribution of early cases, age structure of the population, and intergenerational connections.

... age groups, as seen in Italy and Spain, leading to higher average CFR (13) . The overall burden of serious cases and mortality reflects linkages between the age distribution of early cases, age structure of the population, and intergenerational connections. Fig. 1 contains population pyramids to illustrate how population age structure interacts with high COVID-19 ...

Ref: Demographic science aids in understanding the spread and fatality rates of COVID-19 [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2020-05-05]