¿Qué complicaciones endocrinas están relacionadas con la covid-19?

(What endocrine complications are linked to covid-19?)


Primeras 5 respuestas:

  1. A number of symptoms occur in these patients due to the involvement of various endocrine glands.

  2. The risk of severe COVID-19 is increased by certain underlying comorbidities, including asthma, cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.

  3. diabetes mellitus is a high-risk condition for the development of COVID-19 complications and adverse outcomes.

  4. In the next months, long-term consequences on the endocrine system may arise following COVID-19.

  5. The skin, the kidneys, the liver, the endocrine organs and the eyes are also affected by the systemic COVID-19 disease.



A number of symptoms occur in these patients due to the involvement of various endocrine glands.

... complications of the illness. The understanding of pathological mechanisms and their implications is continuously evolving. A number of symptoms occur in these patients due to the involvement of various endocrine glands. These clinical presentations went largely unnoticed during the first outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome ...

Ref: cord_uid 9o9dje79 Endocrine changes in SARS-CoV-2 patients and l... 9o9dje79 Endocrine changes in SARS-CoV-2 patients and l... Name: title, dtype: object [Protein Cell, cord_uid 9o9dje79 2020 9o9dje79 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]


The risk of severe COVID-19 is increased by certain underlying comorbidities, including asthma, cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity.

... acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of a new disease (COVID-19). The risk of severe COVID-19 is increased by certain underlying comorbidities, including asthma, cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Notably, exposure to hormonally active chemicals called endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can promote such cardio-metabolic diseases, ...

Ref: Is There a Link between Bisphenol A (BPA), a Key Endocrine Disruptor, and the Risk for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe COVID-19? [Journal of clinical medicine, 2020-10-14]


diabetes mellitus is a high-risk condition for the development of COVID-19 complications and adverse outcomes.

... As for SARS, diabetes mellitus is a high-risk condition for the development of COVID-19 complications and adverse outcomes. Hyperglycemia lowers the immune response thus increasing the risk of mortality (7.3%) and it is associated with organ damage and systemic complications [5] [6] [7] . In ...

Ref: Possible long-term endocrine-metabolic complications in COVID-19: lesson from the SARS model [Endocrine, 2020-06-02]


In the next months, long-term consequences on the endocrine system may arise following COVID-19.

... severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is centralizing the interest of the scientific world. In the next months, long-term consequences on the endocrine system may arise following COVID-19. In this article, we hypothesized the effects of SARS-CoV-2 taking into account what learned from ...

Ref: Possible long-term endocrine-metabolic complications in COVID-19: lesson from the SARS model [Endocrine, 2020]


The skin, the kidneys, the liver, the endocrine organs and the eyes are also affected by the systemic COVID-19 disease.

... neurological symptoms affecting the central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscles, including anosmia and ageusia. The skin, the kidneys, the liver, the endocrine organs and the eyes are also affected by the systemic COVID-19 disease. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the organ-specific systemic manifestations of COVID-19. ...

Ref: Organ-specific manifestations of COVID-19 infection [Clin Exp Med, 2020]


COVID-19 disproportionately affects persons with endocrine conditions, thus putting them at an increased risk for severe disease.

... a global pandemic by the WHO and has affected millions of patients around the world. COVID-19 disproportionately affects persons with endocrine conditions, thus putting them at an increased risk for severe disease. We discuss the mechanisms that place persons with endocrine conditions at an additional risk for ...

Ref: Endocrine Conditions and COVID-19 [Horm Metab Res, 2020]


malignant thyroid tumors, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and some adrenal disorders.

... patients identifiable as first-priority class, or needing hospitalization within 30 days, are generally represented by malignant thyroid tumors, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and some adrenal disorders. The need for urgent intervention is evaluated on a case-by-case basis according to the severity ...

Ref: Endocrine surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: do we need an update of indications in Italy? [Endocrine, 2020-06-04]


COVID-19 has been associated with coagulation disorders and thus the orchitis could be the result of segmental vasculitis.

... than infecting the testes directly, may induce a secondary autoimmune response leading to autoimmune orchitis. COVID-19 has been associated with coagulation disorders and thus the orchitis could be the result of segmental vasculitis. Existing data concerning the presence of the virus in semen are contradictory. Only one study ...

Ref: cord_uid 0omtsr3r Infección por SARS-CoV-2: implicaciones para l... 0omtsr3r Infección por SARS-CoV-2: implicaciones para l... 0omtsr3r Infección por SARS-CoV-2: implicaciones para l... Name: title, dtype: object [Endocrine, cord_uid 0omtsr3r 2020 0omtsr3r 2020 0omtsr3r 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]


Vitamin D, a fat-soluble-vitamin, is a negative endocrine RAS modulator and inhibits renin expression and generation.

... to human ACE2, thereby reducing the expression of ACE2 and causing lung injury and pneumonia. Vitamin D, a fat-soluble-vitamin, is a negative endocrine RAS modulator and inhibits renin expression and generation. It can induce ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis activity and inhibits renin and the ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis, thereby ...

Ref: A brief review of interplay between vitamin D and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: Implications for a potential treatment for COVID-19 [Rev Med Virol, 2020]


asthma, cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity

... new disease (COVID-19) The risk of severe COVID-19 is increased by certain underlying comorbidities, including asthma, cancer, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity Notably, exposure to hormonally active chemicals called endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can promote such cardio-metabolic diseases, ...

Ref: Is There a Link between Bisphenol A (BPA), a Key Endocrine Disruptor, and the Risk for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Severe COVID-19? [Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2020]


Autoptic studies on SARS patients revealed that thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary gland, endocrine pancreas and especially adrenals and testis can be impaired by different mechanisms

... target receptor, so ACE2 plays a central role for viral transmission and initial organ involvement. Autoptic studies on SARS patients revealed that thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary gland, endocrine pancreas and especially adrenals and testis can be impaired by different mechanisms (direct damage by SARS-CoV, inflammation, vascular derangement and autoimmune reactions) and few clinical studies have ...

Ref: Coronaviruses and Endocrine System: a Systematic Review on Evidences and Shadows. [Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets, 2020-09-05]


hormone and immune mediators, hyperglycemia, leukocyte responses, cytokine secretion, and tissue dysfunction.

... might drive these varied responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, including hormone and immune mediators, hyperglycemia, leukocyte responses, cytokine secretion, and tissue dysfunction. Studies of patients with severe COVID-19 disease have revealed the importance of innate immune responses ...

Ref: The Collision of Meta-Inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Infection [Endocrinology, 2020]


Although uncommon, these patients may also demonstrate hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and hypoglycemia 70, 71 .

... coagulation and a prolonged ICU stay 71 . CIRCI should be considered in all critically ill patients with COVID-19 who have hypotension refractory to fluid and vasopressor therapy 71 . Although uncommon, these patients may also demonstrate hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and hypoglycemia 70, 71 . ...

Ref: The Impact of SARS-Cov-2 Virus Infection on the Endocrine System [J Endocr Soc, 2020-07-02]


Physical examination revealed mild tremors of the extremities, a diffuse and painful goiter, and enlarged and tender cervical and submandibular lymph nodes.

... the patient developed pain and tenderness in the anterior cervical region, fatigue, tremors, and palpitations. Physical examination revealed mild tremors of the extremities, a diffuse and painful goiter, and enlarged and tender cervical and submandibular lymph nodes. At biochemical evaluation, TSH was suppressed, FT3 and FT4 were high, and serum thyroglobulin was ...

Ref: Subacute thyroiditis in a patient infected with SARS-COV-2: an endocrine complication linked to the COVID-19 pandemic [Hormones (Athens), 2020]


These include immunocompromised patients such as those undergoing active or recent oncologic treatment.

... Several populations are considered to be at higher risk of complications of a COVID-19 infection. These include immunocompromised patients such as those undergoing active or recent oncologic treatment. Mortality rates among patients with cancer have been reported to be 29%. 1 In a ...

Ref: Endocrine surgery in the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Surgical Triage Guidelines [Head Neck, 2020-04-30]


High age, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are risk factors for severe COVID-19 with increased mortality.

... disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2. High age, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are risk factors for severe COVID-19 with increased mortality. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms by which diabetes and obesity modulate the host ...

Ref: [The endocrine and metabolic link between COVID-19, diabetes and obesity]. [Ugeskrift for laeger, 2020-07-13]


the patient developed pain and tenderness in the anterior cervical region, fatigue, tremors, and palpitations.

... and recovered rapidly. RESULTS: Six weeks after the onset of the upper respiratory tract infection, the patient developed pain and tenderness in the anterior cervical region, fatigue, tremors, and palpitations. Physical examination revealed mild tremors of the extremities, a diffuse and painful goiter, and enlarged ...

Ref: Subacute thyroiditis in a patient infected with SARS-COV-2: an endocrine complication linked to the COVID-19 pandemic [Hormones (Athens), 2020]


thyrotoxicosis due to subacute thyroiditis has been reported in COVID-19,

... cardiac morbidity but there is a limited understanding of the endocrine manifestations of COVID-19 Although, thyrotoxicosis due to subacute thyroiditis has been reported in COVID-19, it is unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 infection can also lead to decompensated hypothyroidism We present the ...

Ref: Sudden Cardiac Arrest in a Patient with Myxedema Coma and COVID-19 [Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2020]


This article will be helpful for improving the management of chronic endocrine diseases that could affect thyroid, adrenals, gonads and pituitary gland functions.

... to be increased. In case of worsening clinical signs, hormonal biological monitoring must be done. This article will be helpful for improving the management of chronic endocrine diseases that could affect thyroid, adrenals, gonads and pituitary gland functions. Proposals could be applied in COVID-19 infected subjects or in those who have been in ...

Ref: Endocrine vigilance in COVID-19. [JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2020-05-01]


endocrine/metabolic conditions related to hospitalization and mental disorders related to mortality,

... We were able to replicate some known comorbidities related to COVID-19 outcomes while discovering potentially unknown associations, such as endocrine/metabolic conditions related to hospitalization and mental disorders related to mortality, for future validation We provide interactive PheWAS visualization for broader exploration ...

Ref: A phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of COVID-19 outcomes by race using the electronic health records data in Michigan Medicine [medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2020]


Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, has emerged as a life-saving treatment in severe COVID-19.

... the acute and chronic management of inflammatory disease, independent of any effect on RAAS activity. Dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid, has emerged as a life-saving treatment in severe COVID-19. This review will examine the endocrine mechanisms that control ACE2 and discusses the impact of ...

Ref: Endocrine aspects of ACE2 regulation: RAAS, steroid hormones and SARS-CoV-2 [J Endocrinol, 2020]


COVID-19 manifestations in symptomatic patients can be in the form of pneumonia, acute respiratory syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction as well.

... COVID-19 manifestations in symptomatic patients can be in the form of pneumonia, acute respiratory syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction as well. Renal complications, gastrointestinal dysfunctions, endocrine system disorders, myocardial dysfunction and arrhythmia, neurological dysfunctions, dermatological symptoms, hematological manifestations, and thromboinflammation are among the reported extrapulmonary complications. Moreover, the presence of coagulopathy, ...

Ref: Extrapulmonary Clinical Manifestations in COVID-19 Patients. [The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2020-09-15]


cardiovascular complications, diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

... The acromegalic patient is more fragile towards the SARS-CoV-2 infection because of the frequently associated comorbidities such as cardiovascular complications, diabetes mellitus and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. These aspects were not addressed in detail in previous publications [1] . ...

Ref: Letter to the Editor: “COVID‐19 and the endocrine system: exploring the unexplored”. Focus on acromegaly [J Endocrinol Invest, 2020-09-21]


Patients presenting a preexisting chronic condition, as Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), are the ones suffering the most from this situation.

... Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, worldwide population"s lifestyle has changed dramatically, causing psychosocial consequences. Patients presenting a preexisting chronic condition, as Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), are the ones suffering the most from this situation. Moreover, people affected by diabetes are the ones with the worst prognosis, if infected by ...

Ref: COVID-19 and Type 1 Diabetes: Concerns and Challenges [Acta Biomed, 2020]


obesity, malnutrition and adrenal insufficiency may also be strongly impacted by COVID-19 [1, 2] (Fig. 1 ).

... People with diabetes in particular, are among those in high-risk categories for developing serious illness modality of COVID-19 infection if they get the virus, but other endocrine diseases such as obesity, malnutrition and adrenal insufficiency may also be strongly impacted by COVID-19 [1, 2] (Fig. 1 ). ...

Ref: Endocrine and metabolic aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic [Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 2020-07-09]


respiratory, circulatory, any cancer, type II diabetes, kidney, liver, and autoimmune;

... whether the patient was diagnosed with conditions across seven disease categories associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and adverse outcomes: respiratory, circulatory, any cancer, type II diabetes, kidney, liver, and autoimmune; ranges from 0 to 7) is included on our accompanying website: http://prsweb-dev.sph.umich.edu:8080/covidphewas/. ...

Ref: A phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of COVID-19 outcomes by race using the electronic health records data in Michigan Medicine [medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2020-07-01]


In mid-April 2020, the patient suddenly developed pain and tenderness in the anterior cervical region, fatigue, tremors, and palpitations.

... the first one were negative. However, a lowgrade fever persisted, rising to 37.5°in the evening. In mid-April 2020, the patient suddenly developed pain and tenderness in the anterior cervical region, fatigue, tremors, and palpitations. The neck pain, which was severe and was aggravated by swallowing, was responsive to low-dose ...

Ref: Subacute thyroiditis in a patient infected with SARS-COV-2: an endocrine complication linked to the COVID-19 pandemic [Hormones (Athens), 2020-07-16]


Twenty-four patients (39%) showed central hypocortisolism which resolved within a year in most of them, and three showed central hypothyroidism.

... outbreak in 2002 to investigate the potential long-term endocrine impact of the disease [10] . Twenty-four patients (39%) showed central hypocortisolism which resolved within a year in most of them, and three showed central hypothyroidism. The authors speculated that the coronavirus infection could have caused a reversible hypophysitis. No similar ...

Ref: Pediatric Endocrinology in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic [Horm Res Paediatr, 2020-04-09]


During the most acute phase, all endocrine surgeries are deferred, except thyroid tumors requiring acute airway management.

... cases can be safely postponed with active surveillance, including most differentiated and medullary thyroid cancers. During the most acute phase, all endocrine surgeries are deferred, except thyroid tumors requiring acute airway management. CONCLUSIONS: These guidelines provide context for endocrine surgery within the spectrum of surgical oncology, with ...

Ref: cord_uid vc2i6auz Endocrine surgery in the Coronavirus disease 2... vc2i6auz Endocrine surgery in the Coronavirus disease 2... vc2i6auz Endocrine surgery in the Coronavirus disease 2... Name: title, dtype: object [Horm Res Paediatr, cord_uid vc2i6auz 2020 vc2i6auz 2020 vc2i6auz 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]


one of the most common cardiovascular complications of these patients is tachyarrhythmia.

... patients mention suffering from ear pain (which may be a symptom of subacute thyroiditis) and one of the most common cardiovascular complications of these patients is tachyarrhythmia. Therefore, a prompt evaluation of free thyroid hormones and TSH would allow early diagnosis and ...

Ref: Endocrine complications of COVID-19: what happens to the thyroid and adrenal glands? [J Endocrinol Invest, 2020-06-01]


3 had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (2 with TM and in 1 with TI),

... patients was 1,428±1,538 ng/ml. Four patients with thalassemia had been splenectomised; 4 had endocrine complications: 3 had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (2 with TM and in 1 with TI), and one hypogonadal female patient had a history of renal disease with hypertension. One patient ...

Ref: Preliminary Data on COVID-19 in Patients with Hemoglobinopathies: A Multicentre ICET-A Study [Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis, 2020-07-01]


Patients with an adrenal insufficiency are rare among patients entering the COVID-19 ward.

... Patients with an adrenal insufficiency are rare among patients entering the COVID-19 ward. However, one should not underestimate the hidden part of patients with a (partial) adrenal insufficiency. For instance, patients who used a high cumulative dose of steroids (in rheumatoid disease or ...

Ref: Diabetes or endocrinopathy admitted in the COVID‐19 ward [Eur J Clin Invest, 2020-05-24]


GDM, ketonuria, heart disease, and coagulation disorders [6, 7] .

... progesterone, pregnant women in the third trimester are prone to experience some complications, such as GDM, ketonuria, heart disease, and coagulation disorders [6, 7] . This study found that 11 out of 16 (68.8%) pregnant women with COVID-19 had ++ ...

Ref: The metabolic and immunological characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their neonates [Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2020-10-02]


suboptimal immune responses, hyperinflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and thrombosis.

... milieu observed in patients with metabolic syndrome may contribute toward COVID-19-mediated host immune dysregulation, including suboptimal immune responses, hyperinflammation, microvascular dysfunction, and thrombosis. This review describes the spectrum of clinical features, the likely pathophysiologic mechanisms, and potential implications ...

Ref: Metabolic Syndrome and COVID 19: Endocrine-Immune-Vascular Interactions Shapes Clinical Course [Endocrinology, 2020]


diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, and pituitary and thyroid diseases.

... main findings regarding ACE2 expression and function in endocrine tissues. We discuss rapidly evolving knowledge on the potential role of ACE2 and SARS coronaviruses in endocrinology and the development of diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, and pituitary and thyroid diseases. ...

Ref: Endocrine Significance of SARS-CoV-2's Reliance on ACE2 [Endocrinology, 2020]


Data regarding the COVID-19 manifestations in adults with underlying endocrine conditions, especially diabetes mellitus, are increasingly emerging.

... to review effective preventive strategies and medical management for potentially high-risk populations during the pandemic. Data regarding the COVID-19 manifestations in adults with underlying endocrine conditions, especially diabetes mellitus, are increasingly emerging. Albeit children and adolescents are considered to be affected in a milder manner, paucity of ...

Ref: COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents with Endocrine Conditions. [Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme, 2020-09-08]


Insulin resistance and the associated hyperinsulinaemia are drivers for enhanced steroidogenesis in women with PCOS.

... PCOS and COVID-19. PCOS women could be more susceptible to infections compared to non-PCOS women. Insulin resistance and the associated hyperinsulinaemia are drivers for enhanced steroidogenesis in women with PCOS. Weight-gain and obesity, through their worsening effects on insulin resistance, thereby drive enhanced steroidogenesis and ...

Ref: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) and polycystic ovarian disease: is there a higher risk for these women? [J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2020]


COVID-19 features a state of hyperinflammation promoted by TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β [29] ;

... the fragile vascular bed of the penis, resulting in impaired erectile function [5, 7] . COVID-19 features a state of hyperinflammation promoted by TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β [29] ; the same inflammatory cytokines have been associated with clinical progression of sexual dysfunction [30] . ...

Ref: Addressing male sexual and reproductive health in the wake of COVID-19 outbreak [J Endocrinol Invest, 2020-07-13]


Herein, we present the three cases of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with COIVD-19,

... pneumonia. Besides, COVID-19 has unpredictable effects on many organs. However, the data regarding the endocrine impact of COVID-19 is limited. Herein, we present the three cases of newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with COIVD-19, raising the question of whether COVID-19 can cause endocrine abnormalities. ...

Ref: Newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, DKA and COVID‐19: causality or coincidence? ‐ A report of 3 cases [J Med Virol, 2020-07-24]


thyroid diseases were not mentioned specifically.

... Society for Endocrinology recently published a statement on COVID-19 and endocrine diseases (Endocrine, 2020); however, thyroid diseases were not mentioned specifically. We have therefore reviewed the current literature on thyroid diseases (excluding cancer) and COVID-19, including ...

Ref: Thyroid disease in the time of COVID-19 [Endocrine, 2020]


hypo/hyperthyroidism, pituitary diseases, osteoporosis, hypo/ hypercortisolism etc.

... likely to be consequences related to other endocrine diseases which otherwise would require close monitoring: hypo/hyperthyroidism, pituitary diseases, osteoporosis, hypo/ hypercortisolism etc. Further, clinical follow-up of endocrine surgical patients is also compromised leading to unattended hypocalcemia (after ...

Ref: Letter to the Editor: Endocrine and diabetes clinical practice during national lockdown and post lockdown period [Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2020-04-29]


patients with cancer face a profound threat for higher rates of complications and mortality if they contract the coronavirus disease 2019 infection.

... PURPOSE: As a result of their immunocompromised status associated with disease and treatment, patients with cancer face a profound threat for higher rates of complications and mortality if they contract the coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Medical oncology communities have developed treatment modifications to balance the risk of contracting the virus with the ...

Ref: Chemotherapy Treatment Modifications During the COVID-19 Outbreak at a Community Cancer Center in New York City [JCO Glob Oncol, 2020]


Viral, bacterial and fungal sepsis may cause haemorrhage, necrosis or thrombosis at the adrenal level with consequent acute hypoadrenalism.

... aggression towards the adrenal gland by this virus in previously healthy subjects [3, 4] . Viral, bacterial and fungal sepsis may cause haemorrhage, necrosis or thrombosis at the adrenal level with consequent acute hypoadrenalism. Moreover, recent findings have indicated the possibility of venous thrombo-embolism in COVID-19 patients and its ...

Ref: Endocrine complications of COVID-19: what happens to the thyroid and adrenal glands? [J Endocrinol Invest, 2020-06-01]


Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis Glucocorticoids have both immune-stimulatory and -inhibitory effects [141] .

... Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis Glucocorticoids have both immune-stimulatory and -inhibitory effects [141] . During the initial phase of viral infection, glucocorticoids prime the immune response to counteract foreign antigens. However, in the advanced phase of viral infection, blunting of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation ...

Ref: Endocrine Conditions and COVID-19 [Horm Metab Res, 2020-06-08]


hypokalemia, vasoconstriction [28] and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [20] .

... . Disturbance in ACE 2/angiotensin (1-7) axis explains particular clinical features of COVID-19, such as hypokalemia, vasoconstriction [28] and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [20] . Interestingly, the extent of ACE 2 expression in the gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular, genitourinary, endocrine (pancreas) ...

Ref: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [Future microbiology, 2020-08-27]


large endocrine organ are critical to maintain hemostatic balance.

... evidence of endothelial dysfunction in coronaviruses, and particularly in COVID-19 focusing on the clinical phenotype. large endocrine organ are critical to maintain hemostatic balance. Well-described functions of the endothelium include restoration of vascular integrity upon vascular injury and inhibition ...

Ref: Endothelial Dysfunction in COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Coronaviruses [Curr Hypertens Rep, 2020-08-27]


Diabetes mellitus is associated with a more severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

... Abstract Background and aims: Diabetes mellitus is associated with a more severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor for host cell entry. We aimed to assess the interactions between antihyperglycemic ...

Ref: Interactions between antihyperglycemic drugs and the renin-angiotensin system: Putative roles in COVID-19. A mini-review [Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2020-05-05]


Previous coronavirus outbreaks such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus can cause new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM).

... complications may involve various organs. Notwithstanding, the impact of COVID-19 on endocrine systems is understudied. Previous coronavirus outbreaks such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus can cause new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM). However, there were only two previous case reports on newly diagnosed DM in COVID-19 patients. ...

Ref: cord_uid a37xim7b Newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, DKA, and CO... a37xim7b Newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, DKA, and CO... Name: title, dtype: object [Diabetes Metab Syndr, cord_uid a37xim7b 2020 a37xim7b 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]


COVID-19 pathophysiology includes respiratory failure but involves other organ systems including gut, liver, heart, and pancreas.

... is an urgent need for physiological models to study SARS-CoV-2 infection using human disease-relevant cells. COVID-19 pathophysiology includes respiratory failure but involves other organ systems including gut, liver, heart, and pancreas. We present an experimental platform comprised of cell and organoid derivatives from human pluripotent stem ...

Ref: A Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-based Platform to Study SARS-CoV-2 Tropism and Model Virus Infection in Human Cells and Organoids [Cell Stem Cell, 2020]


hyperandrogenism, infertility, insulin resistance, and cardio-metabolic disease [63, 64] .

... support an inverse association between vitamin D and the severity of multiple PCOS manifestations, including hyperandrogenism, infertility, insulin resistance, and cardio-metabolic disease [63, 64] . Furthermore, metaanalysis data indicate that vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS might significantly decrease ...

Ref: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and COVID-19: an overlooked female patient population at potentially higher risk during the COVID-19 pandemic [BMC Med, 2020-07-15]


its complications may involve various organs.

... of life, and the economy. The COVID-19 clinical spectrum varies from asymptomatic to death, and its complications may involve various organs. Notwithstanding, the impact of COVID-19 on endocrine systems is understudied. Previous coronavirus outbreaks such as ...

Ref: cord_uid a37xim7b Newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, DKA, and CO... a37xim7b Newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, DKA, and CO... Name: title, dtype: object [BMC Med, cord_uid a37xim7b 2020 a37xim7b 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]


diabetes, metabolic syndrome, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal disorders

... professionals are involved in this battle, as far as many patients with endocrine co-morbidities ( diabetes, metabolic syndrome, pituitary, thyroid, adrenal disorders ) are most affected by the disease Specific recommendations for the management of endocrine disorders ...

Ref: Endocrine Effects of Covid 19: Difficulties in the Management of Endocrine Disorders from Individual to Societies [Acta endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005), 2020]


1 in 10 patients may present with headache and 2 in 10 patients may present with myalgia.

... showed that neurological symptoms such as headache, myalgia, dizziness, and nausea are present in COVID-19; 1 in 10 patients may present with headache and 2 in 10 patients may present with myalgia. The most common neurological complication associated with this infection was cerebrovascular disease. In order to ...

Ref: Neurological Manifestations in COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis [The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques, 2020-07-15]


Cardiovascular, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems are involved with different frequencies and degrees of severity.

... articles regarding clinical complications and pathogenesis of COVID-19. Results: Related articles were included and discussed. Conclusion: Respiratory system and the lungs are the most commonly involved sites of COVID-19 infection. Cardiovascular, liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems are involved with different frequencies and degrees of severity. ...

Ref: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [Future Microbiol, 2020]


abnormalities in coagulation and the segmental vascularization of the testis could account for an orchitis-like syndrome.

... the orchitis could be the result of a vasculitis as COVID-19 has been associated with abnormalities in coagulation and the segmental vascularization of the testis could account for an orchitis-like syndrome. Finally, available data do not support the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in plasma seminal fluid of ...

Ref: SARS-CoV-2 infection, male fertility and sperm cryopreservation: a position statement of the Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) (Società Italiana di Andrologia e Medicina della Sessualità) [J Endocrinol Invest, 2020]


Newonset diabetes and severe metabolic complications of preexisting diabetes, such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolarity,

... be bi-directional. Diabetes was shown to be associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19. Newonset diabetes and severe metabolic complications of preexisting diabetes, such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolarity, were also noted in patients with COVID-19, which was proposed to be due to the ...

Ref: COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: how one pandemic worsens the other [Rev Endocr Metab Disord, 2020-08-02]


most patients suffered from a type two diabetes).

... knowledge while giving hospital care to patients who had a pre-existent endocrine disease (and diabetes; most patients suffered from a type two diabetes). In our contribution we presented our insights obtained from this intensive period obtained in the ...

Ref: cord_uid r5nk7ne7 Diabetes or endocrinopathy admitted in the COV... r5nk7ne7 Diabetes or endocrinopathy admitted in the COV... Name: title, dtype: object [Rev Endocr Metab Disord, cord_uid r5nk7ne7 2020 r5nk7ne7 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]


Other complications include secondary bacterial infection, acute kidney injury, septic shock, ventilatorassociated pneumonia, and cardiac injury [7, 8] .

... syndrome, necessitating aggressive resuscitative measures [5, 6] , in 17-29% of patients [7, 8] . Other complications include secondary bacterial infection, acute kidney injury, septic shock, ventilatorassociated pneumonia, and cardiac injury [7, 8] . In most cases, patients can recover gradually without sequelae. However, similar to severe acute respiratory ...

Ref: Endocrine surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: do we need an update of indications in Italy? [Endocrine, 2020-06-04]


A direct endocrine link is involved as androgen receptor activity is required for the transcription of TMPRSS2 gene.

... vulnerability of males compared to females to severe COVID-19 has been reported during the pandemic. A direct endocrine link is involved as androgen receptor activity is required for the transcription of TMPRSS2 gene. 197, 198 Male vulnerability may be further enhanced by X-linked inheritance of genetic polymorphisms as ...

Ref: Immunology of COVID‐19: mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics and perspectives – a report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) [Allergy, 2020-06-25]


Patients with diabetes are highly susceptible to COVID-19-induced adverse outcomes and complications.

... (COVID-19) pandemic has infected >22.7 million and led to the deaths of 795,000 people worldwide. Patients with diabetes are highly susceptible to COVID-19-induced adverse outcomes and complications. The COVID-19 pandemic is superimposing on the preexisting diabetes pandemic to create large and significantly ...

Ref: cord_uid jpq315hu COVID-19 and Diabetes: A Collision and Collusi... jpq315hu COVID-19 and Diabetes: A Collision and Collusi... Name: title, dtype: object [Allergy, cord_uid jpq315hu 2020 jpq315hu 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]


Thyrotoxicosis has been reported in three cases of subacute thyroiditis in COVID-19 (2) (3) (4) .

... understanding of the endocrine manifestations of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (1). Thyrotoxicosis has been reported in three cases of subacute thyroiditis in COVID-19 (2) (3) (4) . To our knowledge, there have been no cases of decompensated hypothyroidism in the setting of ...

Ref: Sudden Cardiac Arrest in a Patient with Myxedema Coma and COVID-19 [J Endocr Soc, 2020-08-28]


SARS-CoV-2 attaches to the ACE2 system in the pancreas causing perturbation of insulin production

... SARS-CoV-1 Studies from the SARS -CoV-1 epidemic have reported variable changes in the endocrine organs SARS-CoV-2 attaches to the ACE2 system in the pancreas causing perturbation of insulin production resulting in hyperglycemic emergencies In patients with pre-existing endocrine disorders who develop COVID-19, several factors ...

Ref: The Impact of SARS-Cov-2 Virus Infection on the Endocrine System [Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2020]


Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the most common comorbidities in patients with coronavirus infections.

... Type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension are the most common comorbidities in patients with coronavirus infections. Emerging evidence demonstrates an important direct metabolic and endocrine mechanistic link to the viral disease process. Clinicians need to ensure early and thorough metabolic control for all patients affected by ...

Ref: Endocrine and metabolic link to coronavirus infection [Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2020-04-02]


SIR of mortality was highest for chemoimmunotherapy or chemotherapy <2 wks, and lowest for endocrine treatments.

... 17% for chemoradiotherapy, 29% for chemoimmunotherapy, 20% for targeted therapy, and 11% for endocrine therapy. SIR of mortality was highest for chemoimmunotherapy or chemotherapy <2 wks, and lowest for endocrine treatments. A high SIR was also found for targeted agents within 3-12 mo. Pts untreated in ...

Ref: Systemic cancer treatment-related outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A CCC19 registry analysis [Annals of Oncology, 2020-09-30]


High age, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity

... disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 High age, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity are risk factors for severe COVID-19 with increased mortality In this review, we discuss potential ...

Ref: [The endocrine and metabolic link between COVID-19, diabetes and obesity] [Ugeskrift for laeger, 2020]


neuroendocrine-immune interactions may be involved in negative impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection and social isolation on psychiatric issues.

... millions of people worldwide are isolated in quarantine to minimize the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and social isolation can also lead to neuroendocrine-immune changes. Accordingly, we highlight here the hypothesis that neuroendocrine-immune interactions may be involved in negative impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection and social isolation on psychiatric issues. ...

Ref: Psycho-Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions in COVID-19: Potential Impacts on Mental Health [Front Immunol, 2020]


leading to immunosuppression and lymphopenia.

... neutrophils and myeloid cells (emergency myelopoiesis), as described in COVID-19 (Schulte-Schrepping et al., 2020) , leading to immunosuppression and lymphopenia. In addition, release of calprotectin and cytokines from damaged lungs could also contribute to emergency ...

Ref: Effects of COVID-19 on the nervous system [Cell, 2020-08-19]


hyper-inflammation, ethnicity predisposition, low vitamin D levels, and hyperandrogenism,

... MAIN BODY: Emerging data link the risk of severe COVID-19 with certain factors such as hyper-inflammation, ethnicity predisposition, low vitamin D levels, and hyperandrogenism, all of which have known direct associations with PCOS. Moreover, in this common female patient ...

Ref: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and COVID-19: an overlooked female patient population at potentially higher risk during the COVID-19 pandemic [BMC Med, 2020]


The most prevalent comorbidities detected in different studies were hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), respiratory diseases, and obesity

... failure [3] . Several comorbidities have been identified as risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease. The most prevalent comorbidities detected in different studies were hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), respiratory diseases, and obesity [4] [5] [6] [7] . In this review, we will through light on extrapulmonary manifestations ...

Ref: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) non-respiratory involvement [Egypt J Bronchol, 2020-10-01]


changes in reproductive hormones and immune systems during pregnancy collectively make them more susceptible to certain infections.

... to remove. Furthermore, the prognosis is worse after infection when compared with non-pregnancy women. And changes in reproductive hormones and immune systems during pregnancy collectively make them more susceptible to certain infections. More importantly, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, has been proven highly increased during pregnancy, ...

Ref: Analysis of the susceptibility to COVID-19 in pregnancy and recommendations on potential drug screening [Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2020]


A 43-year-old woman with no personal history of thyroid disease developed fever, mild upper respiratory symptoms

... A 43-year-old woman with no personal history of thyroid disease developed fever, mild upper respiratory symptoms (i.e., rhinorrhea, painful swallowing, cough, and hoarseness), and conjunctivitis at the beginning of March 2020. Serum markers of acute inflammation were positive (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 60 mm/h; C reactive protein ...

Ref: Subacute thyroiditis in a patient infected with SARS-COV-2: an endocrine complication linked to the COVID-19 pandemic [Hormones (Athens), 2020-07-16]


Patients with severe COVID-19 typically have high levels of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, lymphopenia, and inflammatory lung infiltrates,

... also lead to cell death directly with and without viral infection through induction of apoptosis. Patients with severe COVID-19 typically have high levels of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, lymphopenia, and inflammatory lung infiltrates, which is consistent with a maladaptive patterns of cytokine production and inflammatory misfiring 53-56 . ...

Ref: Obesity as a contributor to immunopathology in pregnant and non‐pregnant adults with COVID‐19 [Am J Reprod Immunol, 2020-08-11]


ACE2 mediated downregulation of SGLT1 in intestinal epithelium prevents hyperglycemia in rat models of the diabetes mellitus (48, 49) .

... Increased mortality linked with complications has been frequent in diabetic patients with COVID-19 (17) . ACE2 mediated downregulation of SGLT1 in intestinal epithelium prevents hyperglycemia in rat models of the diabetes mellitus (48, 49) . Though direct evidence is lacking in terms of the effect of SARS-CoV-2 binding on ACE2 ...

Ref: Relevance of SARS-CoV-2 related factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expressions in gastrointestinal tissue with pathogenesis of digestive symptoms, diabetes-associated mortality, and disease recurrence in COVID-19 patients [Med Hypotheses, 2020-09-13]


SARS-CoV viruses may damage pancreatic islets and cause acute insulin dependent diabetes mellitus but not acute pancreatitis.

... in pancreatic endocrine tissue compared with the exocrine tissue. 15 The extent of tissue damage by SARS-CoV is a direct function of the level of expression of tissue ACE2. Thus, SARS-CoV viruses may damage pancreatic islets and cause acute insulin dependent diabetes mellitus but not acute pancreatitis. ...

Ref: Endocrine changes in SARS-CoV-2 patients and lessons from SARS-CoV [Postgrad Med J, 2020-06-11]


thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas and adrenal surgery

... private, throughout France. Guidelines drafted by an expert group led by the French-speaking Association of Endocrine Surgery (AFCE) propose specific surgical management principles for thyroid, parathyroid, endocrine pancreas and adrenal surgery during and after the COVID-19 epidemic. ...

Ref: cord_uid pnhvzjee Endocrine surgery during and after the COVID-1... pnhvzjee Endocrine surgery during and after the COVID-1... Name: title, dtype: object [Postgrad Med J, cord_uid pnhvzjee 2020 pnhvzjee 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]


acute respiratory distress syndrome, arrhythmias and shock (31%).

... COVID-19 indicated that 26.1% of patients were transferred to the ICU owing to complications, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, arrhythmias and shock (31%). Notably, 46.4% of patients had one or more comorbidities including hypertension (31%), diabetes (10%), cardiovascular ...

Ref: Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Athens, Greece [Postgrad Med J, 2020-10-14]


attentions should also be paid to the potential injuries in cardiovascular, endocrine and reproductive systems during the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

... intestinal symptoms and acute kidney injury. Together, we provide a comprehensive view on the potential SARS-CoV-2 targets by pscRNA profiling, and propose that, in addition to acute respiratory distress syndrome, attentions should also be paid to the potential injuries in cardiovascular, endocrine and reproductive systems during the treatment of COVID-19 patients. ...

Ref: Systemic analysis of tissue cells potentially vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection by the protein-proofed single-cell RNA profiling of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and Furin proteases [bioRxiv, 2020-07-21]


manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory symptoms to cytokine storm causing acute respiratory distress syndrome.

... (COVID-19) is a multisystemic condition caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) with manifestations ranging from mild upper respiratory symptoms to cytokine storm causing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pancreatic exocrine tissue and endocrine islets both express angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the proven receptor ...

Ref: Acalculous acute pancreatitis in a COVID-19 patient [Eur. J. Case Rep. Intern. Med., 2020]


COVID-19 most commonly presents with fever, cough, fatigue and anorexia among patients with existing hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

... mechanical ventilation. Bacterial or secondary infections affected 8.5% of patients and 6.9% developed shock. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 most commonly presents with fever, cough, fatigue and anorexia among patients with existing hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It is important as serious adverse outcomes can develop such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, ...

Ref: Clinical features and outcomes of adults with COVID-19: A systematic review and pooled analysis of the literature [Int J Clin Pract, 2020]


Thyroid abnormalities may represent an isolated alteration, but they also may be the harbinger of a future autoimmune polyglandular syndrome [10] .

... Thyroid abnormalities may represent an isolated alteration, but they also may be the harbinger of a future autoimmune polyglandular syndrome [10] . They may also precede or follow connective tissue diseases or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The mechanisms by which AITD may be linked to systemic autoimmune diseases have not yet been fully ...

Ref: Thyroid disease in the time of COVID-19 [Endocrine, 2020-06-07]


Endocrine disruptors act on target organs, especially the lungs, by acting on the immune and endocrine system.

... Endocrine disruptors act on target organs, especially the lungs, by acting on the immune and endocrine system. They are potential modulators of immune system homeostasis [1] .Therefore Endocrine disruptors can lead to abnormally more exaggerated inflammatory systemic immune responses and higher concentrations of cytokines during SARS-CoV-2. ...

Ref: Is there a Link between endocrine disruptors and COVID-19 severe pneumonia? [Heart Lung, 2020-06-09]


Thrombotic complications seem to emerge as an important issue in patients infected with COVID-19.

... the spectrum of the acutely ill medical population, which is at increased venous thromboembolism risk. Thrombotic complications seem to emerge as an important issue in patients infected with COVID-19. Preliminary reports on COVID-19 patients" clinical and laboratory findings include thrombocytopenia, elevated D-dimer, prolonged prothrombin ...

Ref: Coagulation disorders in coronavirus infected patients: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and lessons from the past [J Clin Virol, 2020]


diabetes, hypertension, CVD, and pulmonary problems.

... than 70% of COVID-19-associated mortalities are due to comorbidities including diabetes, hypertension, CVD, and pulmonary problems. The diabetic population has crossed 120 million worldwide in 2019 and this in turn poses an increased threat for further ...

Ref: Increased mortality of COVID-19 infected diabetes patients: role of furin proteases [Int J Obes (Lond), 2020-09-01]


Patients with thyroid disorders are frequently encountered in an endocrinology outpatient clinic.

... Patients with thyroid disorders are frequently encountered in an endocrinology outpatient clinic. Although there is no evidence that patients with poorly controlled thyroid disease are more likely to contract viral infection in general, it is possible that patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism may ...

Ref: Managing common endocrine disorders amid COVID-19 pandemic [Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2020-06-04]


AI, hypopituitarism, diabetes, and others.

... manufacture and distribute vaccines and antiviral agents targeting SARS-CoV-2. As a consequence, until then, we must remain keen to take good care of our patients with endocrine diseases, such as AI, hypopituitarism, diabetes, and others. ...

Ref: Encountering COVID-19 as Endocrinologists [Endocrinol Metab (Seoul), 2020-06-23]


the most frequently associated comorbidities involved infectious, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, and genitourinary disorders,

... of clusters was determined using K-means algorithm and the elbow method. 4 clusters were identified; the most frequently associated comorbidities involved infectious, respiratory, cardiovascular, endocrine, and genitourinary disorders, as well as socioeconomic factors that influence health status and contact with health services. These ...

Ref: Unsupervised Machine Learning for the Discovery of Latent Clusters in COVID-19 Patients Using Electronic Health Records. [Studies in health technology and informatics, 2020-06-26]


severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [2] .

Obesity is considered as a major risk factor for serious COVID-19-related complications, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [2] .

Ref: Tocilizumab, Adipokines and Severe Complications of COVID-19 [Clin Drug Investig, 2020-07-13]


A direct endocrine and metabolic link between hypertension and diabetes mellitus and coronavirus infection, which might involve angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, is being discussed 2 .

... conditions, the highest fatality rate was found for cardiovascular disease (CVD) (10.5%) and diabetes mellitus (7.3%), followed by chronic respiratory diseases (6.3%), hyper tension (6.0%) and cancer (5.6%) 1 . A direct endocrine and metabolic link between hypertension and diabetes mellitus and coronavirus infection, which might involve angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, is being discussed 2 . ...

Ref: Obesity and impaired metabolic health in patients with COVID-19 [Nat Rev Endocrinol, 2020-04-23]


hypogonadism, hypothyroidism and cortisol deficiency (Figure 2) ,

... alterations that arise as a result of changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary hormonal axes. These include hypogonadism, hypothyroidism and cortisol deficiency (Figure 2) , which may have a role in mediating the adverse relationship between obesity and COVID-19 outcomes. ...

Ref: Obesity: A critical risk factor in the COVID‐19 pandemic [Clin Obes, 2020-08-28]


COVID-19 disease severity is worse in older obese patients with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung disease.

... and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), which cause acute respiratory distress syndrome and case fatalities. COVID-19 disease severity is worse in older obese patients with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung disease. Cell binding and entry of betacoronaviruses is via their surface spike glycoprotein; SARS-CoV binds to ...

Ref: cord_uid iml9ig5n COVID-19 and comorbidities: A role for dipepti... iml9ig5n COVID-19 and comorbidities: A role for dipepti... iml9ig5n COVID-19 and comorbidities: A role for dipepti... Name: title, dtype: object [Clin Obes, cord_uid iml9ig5n 2020 iml9ig5n 2020 iml9ig5n 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]


Diabetes patients are highly susceptible to COVID-19-induced adverse outcomes and complications.

... pandemic has infected over 22.7 million and led to the deaths of 795,000 people worldwide. Diabetes patients are highly susceptible to COVID-19-induced adverse outcomes and complications. The COVID-19 pandemic is superimposing on the preexisting diabetes pandemic to create large and significantly ...

Ref: COVID-19 and Diabetes: A Collision and Collusion of Two Diseases. [Diabetes, 2020-09-16]


COVID-19 is often associated with hypokalemia;

... used for the treatment of COVID-19 could lead to lipodystrophy and subsequent insulin resistance. Moreover, COVID-19 is often associated with hypokalemia; this has been attributed to downregulation of pulmonary ACE2, reduced angiotension-II degradation and subsequent increased ...

Ref: COVID-19 and the endocrine system: exploring the unexplored [J Endocrinol Invest, 2020-05-02]


Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of severe complications including Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and multi-organ failure.

... of all three known human pathogenic coronavirus infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of severe complications including Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and multi-organ failure. Depending on the global region, 20–50% of patients in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic ...

Ref: Practical recommendations for the management of diabetes in patients with COVID-19 [Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2020-04-23]


In the recent treatment of COVI-19, it was found that male patients had renal dysfunction and even renal injury [2] [4] .

... In the recent treatment of COVI-19, it was found that male patients had renal dysfunction and even renal injury [2] [4] . Furthermore, clinical data also show that the receptor protein ACE2 that mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells is not only expressed in alveolar cells, but also highly expressed ...

Ref: The hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 affects male reproductive ability by regulating autophagy [Med Hypotheses, 2020-07-10]


diabetes and other endocrine or metabolic disorders are being managed without the regular follow-up visits previously considered essential.

... thyroid cancer have been postponed, along with biopsies of suspicious nodules and radioiodine therapy, and diabetes and other endocrine or metabolic disorders are being managed without the regular follow-up visits previously considered essential. How are our patients coping with these changes? Has the fear of hospital-related contagion affected ...

Ref: A journey through and beyond a “perfect storm”: the COVID-19 pandemic [Endocrine, 2020-05-12]


These patients are also prone to hypokalemia due to downregulation of pulmonary ACE2 and reduced angiotension II degradation leading to increased aldosterone secretion.

These patients are also prone to hypokalemia due to downregulation of pulmonary ACE2 and reduced angiotension II degradation leading to increased aldosterone secretion.

Ref: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and the Endocrine System [J Endocr Soc, 2020-10-01]


COVID-19 can impair the upper esophageal sphincter and aggravate reflux.

... patients with COVID-19, RSI scores greater than 13, indicative of LPRD, correlated with poorer clinical outcomes. The prevalence of LPRD may be higher than the general population, which indicated that COVID-19 can impair the upper esophageal sphincter and aggravate reflux. ...

Ref: The impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease on 95 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study [J. med. virol, 2020]


tachyarrhythmia.

... invaded by this virus. Thyrotoxicosis may worsen the cardiovascular conditions, leading in some cases to tachyarrhythmia. To date, we know that some COVID-19 patients mention suffering from ear pain (which may ...

Ref: Endocrine complications of COVID-19: what happens to the thyroid and adrenal glands? [J Endocrinol Invest, 2020-06-01]


obesity, malnutrition, and adrenal insufficiency may also be impacted by COVID-19.

... the data published so far from the Chinese researchers, but other endocrine diseases such as obesity, malnutrition, and adrenal insufficiency may also be impacted by COVID-19. Therefore, since the responsibilities of endocrinologists worldwide due to the current COVID-19 outbreak are not ...

Ref: COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European Society of Endocrinology [Endocrine, 2020-04-11]


Several studies have been previously showed the association of overweight and obesity, with the metabolic syndrome and insulin-resistance.

... published in the English language between January 1, 2018 and May 5, 2020. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Several studies have been previously showed the association of overweight and obesity, with the metabolic syndrome and insulin-resistance. It has been demonstrated how these conditions correlate with the worsening of such chronic inflammatory ...

Ref: Endocrinological disorders and inflammatory skin diseases during COVID-19 outbreak. A review of the literature [Minerva Endocrinol, 2020]