¿Cuáles son los pros y los contras de varios tipos de mascarillas en niños de 6 a 12 años para la prevención de la covid-19?
(What are the pros and cons for various types of masks in children aged 6 to 12 for covid-19 prevention?)
Primeras 5 respuestas:
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Facial masks may be one of the most cost-effective strategies to prevent the diffusion of COVID 19 infection.
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When N95 masks approved for pediatric age will be available, several children could benefit from using them.
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To protect staff and other carers would result in an extra 100 surgical masks/day.
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Facial masks used by both children and their caregivers should be the most protective available equipment.
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Reinforcement of prevention efforts is essential in congregate settings that serve children, including childcare centers and schools.
Facial masks may be one of the most cost-effective strategies to prevent the diffusion of COVID 19 infection.
... Facial masks may be one of the most cost-effective strategies to prevent the diffusion of COVID 19 infection. Nevertheless, fake news are spreading, alerting parents on dangerous side effects in children, such as hypercapnia, hypoxia, gut dysbiosis and immune system weakness. Aim of the Italian Pediatric Society statement ...
Ref: Facial masks in children: the position statement of the Italian pediatric society [Ital J Pediatr, 2020-09-15]When N95 masks approved for pediatric age will be available, several children could benefit from using them.
... When N95 masks approved for pediatric age will be available, several children could benefit from using them. Among these, patients with severe chronic underlying disease are at risk of contagion because they are frequently admitted to the hospital for control visits or chronic therapies. However, the real ...
Ref: Mask-wearing in pediatric age [Eur J Pediatr, 2020-06-30]To protect staff and other carers would result in an extra 100 surgical masks/day.
... study hasn"t considered the possibility of parents and carers in the ED having asymptomatic COVID-19. To protect staff and other carers would result in an extra 100 surgical masks/day. This study also did not consider the possible benefit of all HCWs wearing a surgical ...
Ref: Personal Protective Equipment in the Paediatric Emergency Department during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Estimating requirements based on staff numbers and patient presentations. [Emerg Med Australas, 2020-09-21]Facial masks used by both children and their caregivers should be the most protective available equipment.
Facial masks used by both children and their caregivers should be the most protective available equipment.
Ref: The Italian paediatric society raccomandations on children and adolescents extra-domestic activities during the SARS COV-2 emergency phase 2 [Ital J Pediatr, 2020-05-19]Reinforcement of prevention efforts is essential in congregate settings that serve children, including childcare centers and schools.
... one in three hospitalized children were admitted to the ICU, similar to the proportion among adults. Continued tracking of SARS-CoV-2 infections among children is important to characterize morbidity and mortality. Reinforcement of prevention efforts is essential in congregate settings that serve children, including childcare centers and schools. ...
Ref: Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Children Aged <18 Years Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 - COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-July 25, 2020 [MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020]Such mitigation measures would also help contain other respiratory infections in the community.
... in the biophysics of host-to-host respiratory disease transmission, respiratory etiquette and masks for older children. Such mitigation measures would also help contain other respiratory infections in the community. Alternative plans for virtual learning should be in place in the event of a school ...
Ref: SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the ambiguous role of children and considerations for the reopening of schools in the fall [Future microbiology, 2020-09-03]should not be forgotten especially in schools.
... this work. On the other hand, in addition to face masks, the other measures of COVID-19 prevention such as safety distance or hand washing, despite not always easy with children, should not be forgotten especially in schools. ...
Ref: To mask or not to mask children to overcome COVID-19 [Eur J Pediatr, 2020-05-09]Different types of masks give different levels of protection to the user.
... potential to disrupt social intercourse, while being amenable to prevention by the humble face mask. Different types of masks give different levels of protection to the user. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has even resulted in a global shortage of face masks and ...
Ref: Face Masks in the New COVID-19 Normal: Materials, Testing, and Perspectives [Research (Wash D C), 2020]Females and elders had the highest use of face masks.
... n=109) and lowest mask usage was in male children (43.8%, n=16). We found high prevalence of mask usage overall, but also large differences in mask usage with age and sex. Females and elders had the highest use of face masks. ...
Ref: Prevalence of mask wearing in northern Vermont in response to SARS-CoV-2 [Research (Wash D C), 2020-07-25]Lack of adequate personal protective equipment, especially N95 masks is a key concern for health care worker protection.
... distancing, hand hygiene, timely identification of infected people with self-isolation and universal use of masks. Lack of adequate personal protective equipment, especially N95 masks is a key concern for health care worker protection. While continued schooling is crucial for children in LMICs, provision of safe environments is especially ...
Ref: Challenges of COVID-19 in children in low- and middle-income countries [Paediatr Respir Rev, 2020]universal use of face masks in addition to hand hygiene and safety distance seems extremely useful.
... sources of COVID-19. To reduce the role of asymptomatic or poorly symptomatic people in COVID-19, universal use of face masks in addition to hand hygiene and safety distance seems extremely useful. Consequently, preparing the healthy child to use face masks is strongly needed. To obtain maximal ...
Ref: cord_uid 471z07ac To mask or not to mask children to overcome CO... 471z07ac To mask or not to mask children to overcome CO... Name: title, dtype: object [Paediatr Respir Rev, cord_uid 471z07ac 2020 471z07ac 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]The included measures range from checking temperature daily, to maintaining physical distance and wearing face masks.
... in the area. Guidelines for schools re-opening have been released by the Ministry of Health. The included measures range from checking temperature daily, to maintaining physical distance and wearing face masks. We do not have by now information about safety and effectiveness of school re-opening in ...
Ref: COVID-19 and the re-opening of schools: a policy maker’s dilemma [Ital J Pediatr, 2020-06-09]the use of an N95 or surgical mask significantly reduced the risk for ILI (influenza-like illness) infection in households.
... 2006-2007 showed for with a virus with an incubation period of 1 or 2 days, the use of an N95 or surgical mask significantly reduced the risk for ILI (influenza-like illness) infection in households. Although the subsequent experiment was different due to decreased adherence for wearing masks, the results ...
Ref: How to Early Identify and Prevent the SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children for Families? [Front Pediatr, 2020-09-04]As these viral loads were significantly higher than adult viral loads despite variable ACE2 expression among diseased children,
... the initial symptomatic stage of disease. As these viral loads were significantly higher than adult viral loads despite variable ACE2 expression among diseased children, the question is whether this is related to an inadequately counter-offensive immune response by children and/or insufficient use of masks by symptomatic children confined ...
Ref: Does Mask Use Affect the Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Load In the Nasopharynx? [J Pediatr, 2020-09-23]Schools and communities can implement multiple, concurrent mitigation strategies and tailor communications to promote mitigation strategies to prevent COVID-19 spread.
... unit (ICU), or who died, 16%, 27%, and 28%, respectively, had at least one underlying medical condition. Schools and communities can implement multiple, concurrent mitigation strategies and tailor communications to promote mitigation strategies to prevent COVID-19 spread. These results can provide a baseline for monitoring trends and evaluating mitigation strategies. ...
Ref: COVID-19 Trends Among School-Aged Children - United States, March 1-September 19, 2020 [MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020]75.5% of individuals used a mask with significant effects of age and sex on mask usage.
... following an extended state-wide lockdown. We analyzed these data using Bayesian random effects logistic regression. 75.5% of individuals used a mask with significant effects of age and sex on mask usage. Females were more likely than males to wear masks (83.8%, n=488 vs.67.6%, n=516); the odds ...
Ref: Prevalence of mask wearing in northern Vermont in response to SARS-CoV-2 [MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020-07-25]Children should be helped to don and doff masks safely.
... high risk area or if interacting with high-risk individuals (e.g. the elderly), with adult supervision. Children should be helped to don and doff masks safely. • ≤ 5 years should not normally wear masks. (29) Countries and regions are thus ...
Ref: Holidays over: a review of actual COVID-19 school outbreaks up to September 2020 [Early Hum Dev, 2020-10-01]Shelter-in-place and mask-wearing strategies can substantially reduce the magnitude of outbreaks and adverse clinical outcomes.
... Shelter-in-place and mask-wearing strategies can substantially reduce the magnitude of outbreaks and adverse clinical outcomes. However, since we excluded healthy individuals between 20 and 49 years of age from our shelter-in-place strategies, effective control of COVID-19 outbreaks will need to include the rapid identification of ...
Ref: The impact of mask-wearing and shelter-in-place on COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States [Int J Infect Dis, 2020-10-09]The prevalence of prosocial behaviors among children was 10 3%,
... Hubei province, China Behavioral problems were evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) Results The prevalence of prosocial behaviors among children was 10 3%, followed by total difficulty (8 2%), conduct problems (7 0%), peer problems (6 6%), hyperactivity-inattention ...
Ref: The prevalence of behavioral problems among school-aged children in home quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic in China [Journal of Affective Disorders, 2020]All children enrolled in the Pediatric COVID-19 biorepository had the option of providing nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and blood specimens for research.
... All children enrolled in the Pediatric COVID-19 biorepository had the option of providing nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and blood specimens for research. Eighty-three children provided a nasopharyngeal specimen, 105 provided an oropharyngeal specimen, and 100 provided a blood sample. ...
Ref: Pediatric SARS-CoV-2: Clinical Presentation, Infectivity, and Immune Responses [J Pediatr, 2020-08-20]Reports of infections were rare: 25 situations with one case without secondary transmission; four situations with possible secondary transmission [9] .
... first identified case, was actually the transmitter [8] . In Rhode Island, strict surveillance was implemented after the reopening of 666 communities for children (0-12 years), with adults wearing masks. Reports of infections were rare: 25 situations with one case without secondary transmission; four situations with possible secondary transmission [9] . ...
Ref: COVID-19 and schools. Guidelines of the French Pediatric Society [Arch Pediatr, 2020-09-04]Each mask was fitted with an O-ring, adapter, and heat and moisture exchanger filter.
... supply, modified full-face snorkel masks (SEAC Libera, SEAC, Italy) were worn by the bronchoscopy team. Each mask was fitted with an O-ring, adapter, and heat and moisture exchanger filter. To date, there have been no COVID-19 infections among the bronchoscopy team staff, whereas the ...
Ref: Bronchoscopy in children with COVID-19: A case series [Pediatr. pulmonol, 2020]The Italian Paediatric Society suggest that children can enjoy the outdoors and being active, but under strict conditions according to their age and mental status.
The Italian Paediatric Society suggest that children can enjoy the outdoors and being active, but under strict conditions according to their age and mental status.
Ref: The Italian paediatric society raccomandations on children and adolescents extra-domestic activities during the SARS COV-2 emergency phase 2 [Ital J Pediatr, 2020-05-19]Masks are an effective tool in combatting the spread of COVID-19,
... Masks are an effective tool in combatting the spread of COVID-19, but some people still resist wearing them and mask-wearing behavior has not been experimentally studied in the United States. To understand the demographics of mask wearers and resistors, and the ...
Ref: Who is wearing a mask? Gender-, age-, and location-related differences during the COVID-19 pandemic [Ital J Pediatr, 2020-07-14]These results can provide a baseline for monitoring trends and evaluating mitigation strategies.
... and 28%, respectively, had at least one underlying medical condition. Schools and communities can implement multiple, concurrent mitigation strategies and tailor communications to promote mitigation strategies to prevent COVID-19 spread. These results can provide a baseline for monitoring trends and evaluating mitigation strategies. ...
Ref: COVID-19 Trends Among School-Aged Children — United States, March 1–September 19, 2020 [MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020-10-02]between 33.9 million and 44.2 million had direct or within-household connections to schools.
... increased risk of severe COVID-19. Among all adults with CDC risk factors for severe COVID-19, between 33.9 million and 44.2 million had direct or within-household connections to schools. [Editor"s Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the ...
Ref: The Risk Of Severe COVID-19 Within Households Of School Employees And School-Age Children. [Health affairs, 2020-09-17]A sensitive surveillance system, prompt identification of cases, testing, and contact tracing will be key to reducing the further spread of infection.
... is unclear whether school reopening would enhance virus spread, leading the Italian government to develop guidelines for safe school reopening. The actual role of children in virus transmission remains unclear. A sensitive surveillance system, prompt identification of cases, testing, and contact tracing will be key to reducing the further spread of infection. ...
Ref: SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children in Southern Italy: A Descriptive Case Series [Int. j. environ. res. public health (Online), 2020]poses a challenge for paediatric clinicians who rely on facial expression to engage with patients and overcome fear or apprehension.
... Extensive use of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic 1 poses a challenge for paediatric clinicians who rely on facial expression to engage with patients and overcome fear or apprehension. 2 The only previous study to address this 3 found that half of children aged 4-10 years preferred to be ...
Ref: Masked paediatricians during the COVID‐19 pandemic and communication with children [J Paediatr Child Health, 2020-08-08]In that small sample of children, the surgical mask reduced particulate matter inside the mask by 2/3 or more [100] .
... the Netherlands, 28 adults and 11 children completed multiple tasks while wearing different mask types. In that small sample of children, the surgical mask reduced particulate matter inside the mask by 2/3 or more [100] . In NIOSH testing, average decreases in exposure while wearing surgical masks ranged from 15 to ...
Ref: Health effects of wildfire smoke in children and public health tools: a narrative review [J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol, 2020-09-20]Hand hygiene and mask-wearing behavior education are remarkably beneficial in preventing infectious diseases.
... mask-wearing behavior. Grade, mother"s educational background, and residence were significantly associated with better mask-wearing behavior. Hand hygiene and mask-wearing behavior education are remarkably beneficial in preventing infectious diseases. Parents should pay more attention to behavior guidance. Government can also increase the awareness of ...
Ref: Hand Hygiene, Mask-Wearing Behaviors and Its Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-Sectional Study among Primary School Students in Wuhan, China [Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020-04-22]Hand washing with soap, which is preferable to hydro-alcoholic solutions, should be carried out in primary school in the presence of an adult.
... ""Collège"" and ""Lycée"", inside and outside the school, to all school staff and to parents. Hand washing with soap, which is preferable to hydro-alcoholic solutions, should be carried out in primary school in the presence of an adult. A distance of one meter between students in classrooms and dining halls should be observed ...
Ref: For a calm and secure back-to-school time [Bull Acad Natl Med, 2020-09-15]Allocating PPE using zoning reduces the requirement to 48 face shields, 192 surgical masks, 48 N95 masks and 204 gowns,
... shields, 331 surgical masks, 430 N95 masks and 761 gowns in a high-risk community environment. Allocating PPE using zoning reduces the requirement to 48 face shields, 192 surgical masks, 48 N95 masks and 204 gowns, increasing to 196 face shields, 96 surgical masks, 196 N95 masks and 292 gowns per ...
Ref: Personal protective equipment in the paediatric emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic: Estimating requirements based on staff numbers and patient presentations [Emerg. med Australas, 2020]there is a lack of consensus across cultures on whether wearing face masks is an effective physical intervention against disease transmission.
... In the context of Coronavirus Disease (2019) (COVID-19) cases globally, there is a lack of consensus across cultures on whether wearing face masks is an effective physical intervention against disease transmission. This study 1) illustrates transmission routes of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2) addresses controversies surrounding the mask ...
Ref: Mask use during COVID-19: A risk adjusted strategy [Environ Pollut, 2020]To obtain maximal compliance, reasons for mask wearing without attempts of removing must be clearly explained.
... seems extremely useful. Consequently, preparing the healthy child to use face masks is strongly needed. To obtain maximal compliance, reasons for mask wearing without attempts of removing must be clearly explained. Moreover, child"s will must not be forced.Conclusion: On the basis of clinical findings, we think ...
Ref: cord_uid 471z07ac To mask or not to mask children to overcome CO... 471z07ac To mask or not to mask children to overcome CO... Name: title, dtype: object [Environ Pollut, cord_uid 471z07ac 2020 471z07ac 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]Some data have indicated that the parents' socioeconomic background had an impact on wearing masks and hand washing 64 .
... did not explore the circumstances that predict such behaviour in children, as opposed to adults. Some data have indicated that the parents" socioeconomic background had an impact on wearing masks and hand washing 64 . Also, we did not include papers dealing exclusively with mathematical modelling 32 65 66 . ...
Ref: Children are unlikely to be the main drivers of the COVID‐19 pandemic – a systematic review [Acta Paediatr, 2020-05-19]This is the second monthly update alert for a living rapid review on the use of masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections,
... This is the second monthly update alert for a living rapid review on the use of masks for prevention of respiratory virus infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in health care and community settings (1) . Searches were updated from 3 July 2020 to 2 August 2020 using the same ...
Ref: Update Alert 2: Masks for Prevention of Respiratory Virus Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2, in Health Care and Community Settings [Ann Intern Med, 2020-08-27]Face masks and respirators are the most widely used intervention measures for respiratory protection.
... Face masks and respirators are the most widely used intervention measures for respiratory protection. In the wake of COVID-19, in response to shortages and lack of availability of surgical masks and respirators, the use of cloth masks has become a research focus. Various fabrics ...
Ref: Last-resort strategies during mask shortages: optimal design features of cloth masks and decontamination of disposable masks during the COVID-19 pandemic [Ann Intern Med, 2020]The use of masks may be cumbersome in children.
... the CDC should be used with adult supervision in children under 6 years of age. The use of masks may be cumbersome in children. The minimal proposed age for mask use is 2 years old. In younger ages, the ...
Ref: COVID-19 in the Pediatric Population—Review and Current Evidence [Curr Infect Dis Rep, 2020-09-19]to reduce the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission to others.
... children aged ≥2 years should wear a mask when around persons outside of their families to reduce the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission to others. Ongoing monitoring of hospitalization rates, clinical characteristics, ICU admission, and outcomes in the pediatric population ...
Ref: Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Children Aged <18 Years Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19 — COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1–July 25, 2020 [MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020-08-14]Each mask was fitted with an O‐ring, adapter, and heat and moisture exchanger filter.
... supply, modified full‐face snorkel masks (SEAC Libera, SEAC, Italy) were worn by the bronchoscopy team. Each mask was fitted with an O‐ring, adapter, and heat and moisture exchanger filter. To date, there have been no COVID‐19 infections among the bronchoscopy team staff, whereas the ...
Ref: Bronchoscopy in children with COVID‐19: A case series [Pediatr Pulmonol, 2020-08-13]Universal masking, reinforcement of hand hygiene, and PPE with medical masks for patients' care allowed protection of HCW and containment of the outbreak.
... of contacts with children attending out-of-home care facilities dramatically decreased over the study period. CONCLUSION: Universal masking, reinforcement of hand hygiene, and PPE with medical masks for patients" care allowed protection of HCW and containment of the outbreak. Residual transmissions were related to persistent exposures with undiagnosed patients or colleagues and not to ...
Ref: Comparing dynamics and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions among health care workers of adult and pediatric settings in central Paris [Pediatr Pulmonol, 2020]The types of masks, their half-life, method to use, sterilization, and proposed alternatives for dental masks were analyzed.
... "masks, COVID-19, and dentistry." Articles without language restriction up to May 31, 2020, were obtained. The types of masks, their half-life, method to use, sterilization, and proposed alternatives for dental masks were analyzed. Most of the articles refer to the use of N95 or FFP2 respirators presented as ...
Ref: Effectiveness and Recommendations for the Use of Dental Masks in the Prevention of COVID-19: A Literature Review [Disaster Med Public Health Prep, 2020]Healthcare workers wore full PPE including N95 masks.
iv. Healthcare workers wore full PPE including N95 masks. vi.
Ref: Infection control practices in children during COVID-19 pandemic: differences from adults [Am J Infect Control, 2020-05-26]Our study supports age-adjusted CHQ dosing in children with COVID-19 in order to avoid suboptimal or toxic doses.
... and 44 mg/kg for adolescents and adults, not to exceed 3,300 mg in any patient. Our study supports age-adjusted CHQ dosing in children with COVID-19 in order to avoid suboptimal or toxic doses. The knowledge-driven, model-informed dose selection paradigm can serve as a science-based alternative to recommend pediatric ...
Ref: Chloroquine Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric COVID-19 Supported by Modeling and Simulation [Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2020]The filtration effectiveness of cloth masks is generally lower than that of medical masks and respirators;
... infections. The use of cloth masks during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is under debate. The filtration effectiveness of cloth masks is generally lower than that of medical masks and respirators; however, cloth masks may provide some protection if well designed and used correctly. Multilayer cloth ...
Ref: Effectiveness of Cloth Masks for Protection Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 [Emerg. infect. dis, 2020]Most children have moderate or high viral loads regardless of age, symptoms or severity of infection.
... childhood. Adults appear to play a key role in spread of the virus in families. Most children have moderate or high viral loads regardless of age, symptoms or severity of infection. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of children in the ongoing pandemic and ...
Ref: Children and Adolescents With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Epidemiology, Clinical Course and Viral Loads [Pediatr. infect. dis. j, 2020]Most of these children have mild symptoms and a good prognosis.
... years often occurs with family aggregation, with no specific clinical manifestation and laboratory examination results. Most of these children have mild symptoms and a good prognosis. Epidemiological history is of particular importance in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in children aged <18 ...
Ref: [Clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children aged <18 years in Jiangxi, China: an analysis of 23 cases]. [Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics, 2020-05-01]Cloth masks are a simple, economic and sustainable alternative to surgical mask as a means of source control of SARS-CoV-2 for general community.
Cloth masks are a simple, economic and sustainable alternative to surgical mask as a means of source control of SARS-CoV-2 for general community.
Ref: Universal use of face masks for success against COVID-19: evidence and implications for prevention policies [Eur Respir J, 2020-04-29]BACKGROUND Data on the filtration efficacies of various masks against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are limited.
... BACKGROUND Data on the filtration efficacies of various masks against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are limited. We thus evaluate the effectiveness of the surgical mask, the N95 respirator mask, and its equivalent (KF94 mask) in filtering SARS-CoV-2. METHODS Patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection were instructed to ...
Ref: Effectiveness of surgical, KF94, and N95 respirator masks in blocking SARS-CoV-2: a controlled comparison in 7 patients. [Infectious diseases, 2020-08-26]several hospitals have supplemented pre-existing infection prevention measures with universal masking of all personnel in hospitals.
... concerns for presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 and increasing burden of contact tracing and employee furloughs, several hospitals have supplemented pre-existing infection prevention measures with universal masking of all personnel in hospitals. Other hospitals are currently faced with the dilemma of whether or not to proceed with ...
Ref: Universal masking in hospitals in the COVID-19 era: Is it time to consider shielding? [Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2020]The wearing of the face masks appears as a solution for limiting the spread of COVID-19.
... The wearing of the face masks appears as a solution for limiting the spread of COVID-19. In this context, efficient recognition systems are expected for checking that people faces are masked in regulated areas. To perform this task, a large dataset of masked faces is necessary ...
Ref: MaskedFace-Net -- A Dataset of Correctly/Incorrectly Masked Face Images in the Context of COVID-19 [Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2020-08-18]This recommendation is on the basis that younger children may have lower susceptibility and potentially lower transmissibility than adults [41] .
... on mandatory use for those between 6-11 based on a set of conditions [40] . This recommendation is on the basis that younger children may have lower susceptibility and potentially lower transmissibility than adults [41] . While the evidence is not conclusive, we anticipate the practicalities with younger children correctly obeying ...
Ref: The potential contribution of face coverings to the control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools and broader society in the UK: a modelling study [Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 2020-09-29]the typical masks (cloth or medical) present a visual barrier to those who rely on non-verbal communication signals on the face
... The masks have two serious problems for children: 1) the typical masks (cloth or medical) present a visual barrier to those who rely on non-verbal communication signals on the face (e.g. mouth, lips, teeth, tongue and cheeks); the child is unable to obtain visual cues, hiding the speaker"s face and not ...
Ref: How face masks can affect school performance [Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2020-09-01]Face masks were worn at all times, and schools switched from full-day to half-day mode omitting lunch hours.
... during the school resumption. Staff and students underwent daily temperature checks upon arrival at school. Face masks were worn at all times, and schools switched from full-day to half-day mode omitting lunch hours. Students" arrival and dismissal times were staggered or spread out using multiple entrances, desks in ...
Ref: Letter to the editor: COVID-19 cases among school-aged children and school-based measures in Hong Kong, July 2020 [Euro Surveill, 2020-09-17]Samples were collected with pre-moistened synthetic fiber flocked swabs with viral transport media.
... rooms of children with COVID-19, we sampled the environment of children identified on this point prevalence survey as well as the inpatient rooms of known COVID-19 positive children for comparison. Samples were collected with pre-moistened synthetic fiber flocked swabs with viral transport media. ...
Ref: SARS-CoV-2 Point Prevalence among Asymptomatic Hospitalized Children and Subsequent Healthcare Worker Evaluation [J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc, 2020-08-28]Pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19 disease usually suffer a mild illness, with a low risk of complications, or mortality.
... SARS-CoV-2, most of the literature comes from adult patients. Children seem to be less affected. Pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19 disease usually suffer a mild illness, with a low risk of complications, or mortality. Defining the role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is critical as some national ...
Ref: Ten key points about COVID-19 in children: The shadows on the wall [Pediatr. pulmonol, 2020]Data on the filtration efficacies of various masks against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are limited.
... BACKGROUND: Data on the filtration efficacies of various masks against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are limited. We thus evaluate the effectiveness of the surgical mask, the N95 respirator mask, and its equivalent (KF94 mask) in filtering SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: Patients hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection were instructed ...
Ref: Effectiveness of surgical, KF94, and N95 respirator masks in blocking SARS-CoV-2: a controlled comparison in 7 patients [Infect Dis (Lond), 2020]The use of masks may be cumbersome in children. The minimal proposed age for mask use is 2 years old.
... the CDC should be used with adult supervision in children under 6 years of age. The use of masks may be cumbersome in children. The minimal proposed age for mask use is 2 years old. In younger ages, the smaller airways may interfere with breathing and the child may be ...
Ref: COVID-19 in the Pediatric Population—Review and Current Evidence [Curr Infect Dis Rep, 2020-09-19]Masks have become one of the most indispensable pieces of personal protective equipment
... Masks have become one of the most indispensable pieces of personal protective equipment and are important strategic products during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Due to the huge mask demand-supply gap all over the world, the development of user-friendly technologies and methods ...
Ref: Can Masks Be Reused After Hot Water Decontamination During the COVID-19 Pandemic? [Curr Infect Dis Rep, 2020]The result can be greater contacts and less physical distancing than public health recommendations intend, increasing the risk of coronavirus infection.
... needs over one"s own needs. Time spent with one"s immediate and extended family is valued. In such a context, wearing masks or refusing social interaction might be considered an affront. The result can be greater contacts and less physical distancing than public health recommendations intend, increasing the risk of coronavirus infection. ...
Ref: COVID-19 Pandemic among Latinx Farmworker and Nonfarmworker Families in North Carolina: Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, and Preventive Behaviors [Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020-08-10]AIM There is concern the low incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children reflects under-testing in this population.
... AIM There is concern the low incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children reflects under-testing in this population. This study sought to describe the age-distribution of SARS-CoV-2 testing in the Northern Region of New Zealand. METHODS A retrospective single-centre review of all SARS-CoV-2 tests performed at LabPLUS, Auckland ...
Ref: Age-related differences in SARS-CoV-2 testing in the Northern Region of New Zealand. [The New Zealand medical journal, 2020-07-31]it is well known that surgical masks can prevent the inhalation of large droplets and sprays,
... for children in the community. Whereas the effectiveness of homemade cloth face coverings is debated, it is well known that surgical masks can prevent the inhalation of large droplets and sprays, although they have a poor ability to filter submicron-sized airborne particles [15] . As airborne ...
Ref: To mask or not to mask children to overcome COVID-19 [Eur J Pediatr, 2020-05-09]Consequently, preparing the healthy child to use face masks is strongly needed.
... use of face masks in addition to hand hygiene and safety distance seems extremely useful. Consequently, preparing the healthy child to use face masks is strongly needed. To obtain maximal compliance, reasons for mask wearing without attempts of removing must be clearly ...
Ref: cord_uid 471z07ac To mask or not to mask children to overcome CO... 471z07ac To mask or not to mask children to overcome CO... Name: title, dtype: object [Eur J Pediatr, cord_uid 471z07ac 2020 471z07ac 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]We will study whether a face mask protects the wearer of the mask against SARS-CoV-2 infection
... positive nasopharyngeal swap, a positive antibody test or a hospital-based diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection CONCLUSIONS: We will study whether a face mask protects the wearer of the mask against SARS-CoV-2 infection The findings are expected to apply to the present pandemic and to future viral outbreaks ...
Ref: Face masks for the prevention of COVID-19 - Rationale and design of the randomised controlled trial DANMASK-19 [Danish medical journal, 2020]There was no significant difference between viral load and age, sex, underlying condition, fever and hospitalization,
... year were more likely to develop COVID-19 (19.5% of all COVID-19 cases) (P-value = 0.001). There was no significant difference between viral load and age, sex, underlying condition, fever and hospitalization, as well as between type of SARS-CoV-2 infection and age, sex, underlying condition and viral ...
Ref: Children and Adolescents With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Epidemiology, Clinical Course and Viral Loads. [The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2020-10-06]The odds of an elder wearing a mask were 16.7 times that of a child,
... n=209) followed by young adults (74.8%, n=246), middle-aged adults (70.7%, n=519) and children (53.3%, n=30). The odds of an elder wearing a mask were 16.7 times that of a child, while the odds for young adults and middle-aged adults were {approx}3 times greater than for ...
Ref: Prevalence of mask wearing in northern Vermont in response to SARS-CoV-2 [The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2020-07-25]Proper disinfection should also be applied to the equipment by a healthy person.
... [9] . The mother should use a mask and maintain strict hand hygiene to prevent transmission during the breast milk expressing by using alcohol-based hand rubs or soap and water. Proper disinfection should also be applied to the equipment by a healthy person. ...
Ref: Do Not Neglect the Children: Considerations for COVID-19 Pandemic [Indian Pediatr, 2020-04-26]Shortages in the availability of personal protective face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic required many to fabricate masks and filter inserts from available materials.
... Shortages in the availability of personal protective face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic required many to fabricate masks and filter inserts from available materials. While the base filtration efficiency of a material is of primary importance when a perfect seal is possible, ideal fit is not likely to be achieved by the average person ...
Ref: Testing of Commercial Masks and Respirators and Cotton Mask Insert Materials using SARS-CoV-2 Virion-Sized Particulates: Comparison of Ideal Aerosol Filtration Efficiency versus Fitted Filtration Efficiency [Nano Lett, 2020]would present unique challenges for hospitals and public health preparedness efforts in the United States.
... IMPORTANCE: A surge in severe cases of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) in children would present unique challenges for hospitals and public health preparedness efforts in the United States. OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence-based estimates of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and ...
Ref: cord_uid hdvb2aed COVID-19 in Children in the United States: Int... hdvb2aed COVID-19 in Children in the United States: Int... Name: title, dtype: object [Nano Lett, cord_uid hdvb2aed 2020 hdvb2aed 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]Mask use is more effective in protecting others from spread of viral pathogens than protecting the wearer from infection.
... Persons excluded from mask usage include babies less than two years of age, and persons who have trouble breathing, are incapacitated or are unable to remove a mask without assistance. Mask use is more effective in protecting others from spread of viral pathogens than protecting the wearer from infection. ...
Ref: COVID 19: Impacts and Implications for Pediatric Practice [J Pediatr Health Care, 2020-07-09]Currently, no international certification standards for the use of these masks on children are available.
... that more effective masks such as N95 mask specifically prepared for children should be developed. Currently, no international certification standards for the use of these masks on children are available. The current N95 masks available on the market have not been validated in younger children ...
Ref: Mask-wearing in pediatric age [Eur J Pediatr, 2020-06-30]the WHO currently does not recommend wearing of face masks in community settings but recognises current uncertainty and that some countries recommend them.
... older or medically vulnerable teachers to provide administrative support or virtual teaching. ► Social distancing for teachers within classrooms. ► Basic protective equipment for teachers. ► Wearing of face masks: the WHO currently does not recommend wearing of face masks in community settings but recognises current uncertainty and that some countries recommend them. ...
Ref: Reopening schools during the COVID-19 pandemic: governments must balance the uncertainty and risks of reopening schools against the clear harms associated with prolonged closure [Arch Dis Child, 2020-08-02]Other transmission rates will not increase and all behavior-changed susceptible individuals are keeping their transmission reduction efforts such as wearing the mask and enhanced personal hygiene.
... Other transmission rates will not increase and all behavior-changed susceptible individuals are keeping their transmission reduction efforts such as wearing the mask and enhanced personal hygiene. In reality, other transmission risk factors could be increased after school opening. At first, it is possible to increase the contact rate between children and teachers and the contact rate ...
Ref: School Opening Delay Effect on Transmission Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: Based on Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Study [J Korean Med Sci, 2020-04-01]Ongoing studies should provide important information for further decision-making on control measures, such as closure of schools.
... takes place between adult peers and from adult family members to children. Transmission among children or from children to adults, as is known in influenza, appears to be less common. Ongoing studies should provide important information for further decision-making on control measures, such as closure of schools. ...
Ref: [The role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2]. [Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde, 2020-06-03]Opening up schools and kindergartens is unlikely to impact COVID-19 mortality rates in older people.
... that children can transmit the SARS-COV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, and even asymptomatic children can have viral loads. CONCLUSION: Children are unlikely to be the main drivers of the pandemic. Opening up schools and kindergartens is unlikely to impact COVID-19 mortality rates in older people. ...
Ref: Children are unlikely to be the main drivers of the COVID-19 pandemic - A systematic review [Acta Paediatr, 2020]This reduced ability of children to transmit the infection appears to be independent of the viral load measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),
... This reduced ability of children to transmit the infection appears to be independent of the viral load measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which seems to be the same in symptomatic children and adults [10, 11] , or is even higher in young children [12] . ...
Ref: COVID-19 and schools. Guidelines of the French Pediatric Society [Arch Pediatr, 2020-09-04]Covering the patient with plastic barriers minimizes contamination of the anesthesiologist.
... used and no air leakages are observed. Extubation, an aerosolgenerating event, is another critical moment. Covering the patient with plastic barriers minimizes contamination of the anesthesiologist. Deep extubation is also useful, because it reduces risk of coughing. It should, however be ...
Ref: The paradox of COVID-19 and pediatric anesthesiology: opinion of the Pediatric Anesthesia Committee of the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology [Braz J Anesthesiol, 2020-05-13]Most children with COVID-19 had a mild process and a good prognosis.
... treated with antiviral drugs, and all patients were stable and gradually improved after admission. CONCLUSIONS: Most children with COVID-19 had a mild process and a good prognosis. More attention should be paid to investigation of household contact history in the diagnosis of ...
Ref: cord_uid v6kh517q Childhood COVID-19: a multicentre retrospectiv... v6kh517q Childhood COVID-19: a multicentre retrospectiv... Name: title, dtype: object [Braz J Anesthesiol, cord_uid v6kh517q 2020 v6kh517q 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]Eighty-five percent of the HCWs wore surgical masks and 15% wore N95s,
... contact with COVID-19 patients during aerosolizing procedures. The HCWs were subsequently tested negative for COVID-19. Eighty-five percent of the HCWs wore surgical masks and 15% wore N95s, showing that surgical masks combined with other recommended precautions were efficacious. 4 However, we do ...
Ref: An Interim Solution to the Decreased Availability of Respirators Against COVID-19 [Anesth Analg, 2020-04-22]Nonpharmaceutical intervention strategy is significantly important to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread.
... BACKGROUND: Nonpharmaceutical intervention strategy is significantly important to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread. One of the interventions implemented by the government is a school closure. The Ministry of Education decided to postpone the school opening from March 2 to April 6 to ...
Ref: School Opening Delay Effect on Transmission Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: Based on Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Study [J Korean Med Sci, 2020]Only combining all preventive measures, children can get maximum protection from infection.
... reduced version of adults, preventing children from COVID-19 transmission is a difficult and important task. Only combining all preventive measures, children can get maximum protection from infection. The behaviors of mask-wearing and hand-washing among children were influenced by age, gender, and other ...
Ref: Re: Esposito et al.: To mask or not to mask children to overcome COVID-19 [Eur J Pediatr, 2020-06-20]our results illustrate quantitatively the benefits of safety measures that schools are undertaking, underscoring their value for both schools and their communities.
... adherence in schools substantially reduce the burden of COVID-19, both among those with direct ties to schools and across the state. As Indiana and other states proceed with school reopening, our results illustrate quantitatively the benefits of safety measures that schools are undertaking, underscoring their value for both schools and their communities. ...
Ref: Impacts of K-12 school reopening on the COVID-19 epidemic in Indiana, USA [Eur J Pediatr, 2020-08-25]leading to less severe disease in this age group compared to elderly.
... was significant decrease in angiotensin-2 levels, and increase in Ang-(1-7) and surfactant protein-4 levels [50] . High levels of ACE-2 activity in children could be protective in children with COVID-19, leading to less severe disease in this age group compared to elderly. ...
Ref: cord_uid g592dfyz Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Why Children Fare... g592dfyz Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Why Children Fare... Name: title, dtype: object [Eur J Pediatr, cord_uid g592dfyz 2020-05-14 g592dfyz 2020-05-14 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]They should be advised to carry hand sanitizer and wear face mask during the hospital visit.
... face mask, from the time they leave their homes and till they get back home. They should be advised to carry hand sanitizer and wear face mask during the hospital visit. The patient and the family should be encouraged to report any symptoms such as fever, ...
Ref: Guidance for pediatric hematology-oncology (PHO) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant services during COVID-19 pandemic: A consensus statement by PHO chapter of Indian academy of pediatrics [Eur J Pediatr, 2020-07-28]Masking of the medical staff poses another barrier for the routine medical care of children, making communication with pediatric patients challenging [80] .
... for some vaccine preventable diseases and lead to the reemergence of other infectious diseases in children. This trend may wane as the epidemic continues and routine health seeking behaviors resume. Masking of the medical staff poses another barrier for the routine medical care of children, making communication with pediatric patients challenging [80] . ...
Ref: COVID-19 in the Pediatric Population—Review and Current Evidence [Curr Infect Dis Rep, 2020-09-19]All would wear masks and the 40,000 students would take tests twice a week with quick, inexpensive saliva test.
... one of the most comprehensive plans by a major university to prevent and suppress outbreaks. All would wear masks and the 40,000 students would take tests twice a week with quick, inexpensive saliva test. Students could not enter campus buildings unless an app vouched a negative test. But these ...
Ref: Holidays over: a review of actual COVID-19 school outbreaks up to September 2020 [Early Hum Dev, 2020-10-01]Of the children who required admission, only 2.4% required ventilation in the intensive care unit.
... 3.3% of all admissions, and of these, the majority were children <3 years (i.e. pre-schoolers). Of the children who required admission, only 2.4% required ventilation in the intensive care unit. Although the highest incidence risk is in the age group 15 -18 years, adolescents have ...
Ref: Controversies and challenges with COVID-19 in children: Why are they less susceptible and should they be at home rather than in school? [Early Hum Dev, 2020-09-14]Wearing masks forms a barrier for the viral particles to pass from the wearer to people surrounding them and vice versa [42] ,
... could be beneficial as it can reduce the strength of COVID-19 resurgence across the society. Wearing masks forms a barrier for the viral particles to pass from the wearer to people surrounding them and vice versa [42] , and hence wearing them at schools could reduce COVID-19 incidence in students, staff and teachers. ...
Ref: The potential contribution of face coverings to the control of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in schools and broader society in the UK: a modelling study [Early Hum Dev, 2020-09-29]Ongoing evaluation of effectiveness of prevention and control strategies will also be important to inform public health guidance for schools and parents and other caregivers.
... persons with underlying medical conditions. Careful monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infections, deaths, and other severe outcomes among persons aged <21 years remains particularly important as schools reopen in the United States. Ongoing evaluation of effectiveness of prevention and control strategies will also be important to inform public health guidance for schools and parents and other caregivers. ...
Ref: SARS-CoV-2-Associated Deaths Among Persons Aged <21 Years - United States, February 12-July 31, 2020 [MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2020]maintaining appropriate distance from others or wearing masks A factor more decisive than individual group size
... possible without excessive restrictions, such as clustering into very small groups, implementation of barrier precautions, maintaining appropriate distance from others or wearing masks A factor more decisive than individual group size is the issue of sustaining the constancy of respective group members and the avoidance of ...
Ref: Children and adolescents in the CoVid-19 pandemic: Schools and daycare centers are to be opened again without restrictions. The protection of teachers, educators, carers and parents and the general hygiene rules do not conflict with this [Gms Hygiene and Infection Control, 2020]surprisingly little is known about relative severity of infectious disease between the extremes of age.
... The COVID-19 pandemic has ignited interest in age-specific manifestations of infection but surprisingly little is known about relative severity of infectious disease between the extremes of age. In a systematic analysis we identified 142 datasets with information on severity of disease by age for 32 ...
Ref: Systematic analysis of infectious disease outcomes by age shows lowest severity in school-age children [Sci Data, 2020]This also poses logistical challenges.
... This also poses logistical challenges. As cases surge in many communities across the U.S., some facilities are dealing with shortages of PPE, including N95 masks. xvii Sounds like we are once again between the proverbial ...
Ref: COVID-19 and Children: Adding Another Piece to the Puzzle [Clin Infect Dis, 2020-08-08]Among respondents to the surveys, 74·5%, 97·5%, and 98·8% reported wearing masks when going out,
... 1·10 (1·06-1·12) before the start of the school closures to 0·73 (0·68-0·77) after school closures. Among respondents to the surveys, 74·5%, 97·5%, and 98·8% reported wearing masks when going out, and 61·3%, 90·2%, and 85·1% reported avoiding crowded places in surveys 1 (n=1008), 2 (n=1000), ...
Ref: Impact assessment of non-pharmaceutical interventions against coronavirus disease 2019 and influenza in Hong Kong: an observational study [Lancet Public Health, 2020]The wearing of masks reduces cumulative infections, peak infections, hospitalizations, and mortality (Table 1 ).
... The wearing of masks reduces cumulative infections, peak infections, hospitalizations, and mortality (Table 1 ). In the benchmark scenario with 0% masks, the IAR is 36%, the peak . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license It is made available under a perpetuity. ...
Ref: High-Quality Masks Can Reduce Infections and Deaths in the US [Lancet Public Health, 2020-09-29]The use of masks as a means of reducing transmission of COVID-19 outside healthcare settings has proved controversial.
... The use of masks as a means of reducing transmission of COVID-19 outside healthcare settings has proved controversial. Masks are thought to have two modes of effect: they prevent infection with COVID-19 in wearers; and prevent transmission by individuals with subclinical infection. We used a simple next-generation matrix ...
Ref: Bidirectional impact of imperfect mask use on reproduction number of COVID-19: A next generation matrix approach [Infect. Dis. Modelling, 2020]Treatment in children includes fluid and nutritional intake, together with oxygen supplementation and ventilatory support.
... At the time of writing, no specific anti-viral is currently available to treat COVID-19. Treatment in children includes fluid and nutritional intake, together with oxygen supplementation and ventilatory support. 34 Due to the rare number of severe cases in children, there is no data on ...
Ref: The intriguing features of COVID-19 in children and its impact on the pandemic [J Pediatr (Rio J), 2020-04-14]While symptoms of COVID-19 in children were similar to those of adults, with fever, cough and sore throat being the most common,
... While symptoms of COVID-19 in children were similar to those of adults, with fever, cough and sore throat being the most common, children had lower rates of these symptoms compared with adults (figure 2); dyspnoea was uncommon in children. 22 24 CLINICAL ASPECTS OF SARS-COV-2 IN CHILDREN: SEVERE DISEASE CAN OCCUR Despite ...
Ref: The evolving picture of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in children: critical knowledge gaps [BMJ Glob Health, 2020-09-16]Face masks can prevent the spread of the virus SARS-CoV-2, in particular as this spread can occur from people with no symptoms.
... Face masks can prevent the spread of the virus SARS-CoV-2, in particular as this spread can occur from people with no symptoms. However, covering the lower half of the face reduces the ability to communicate, interpret, and mimic the expressions of those with whom we interact. Positive emotions become less recognizable, and ...
Ref: Masked education? The benefits and burdens of wearing face masks in schools during the current Corona pandemic [Trends Neurosci Educ, 2020]The Mask' has become a byword and a precious possession universally.
... " The Mask" has become a byword and a precious possession universally. Except for its use by the medical fraternity, answers to the common questions-whether it provides enough protection, which type is optimal for the general public and who really needs ...
Ref: The Face Mask How a Real Protection becomes a Psychological Symbol during Covid-19? [Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2020-06-08]The most common countermeasure is the use of a mask that should cover the mouth and nose to filter the inhaled and exhaled air.
... actions managed by the government in order to prevent the spread of this dangerous virus. The most common countermeasure is the use of a mask that should cover the mouth and nose to filter the inhaled and exhaled air. Those masks are medical devices that should be handled properly; unfortunately in our study, observation ...
Ref: Management and use of filter masks in the "none-medical" population during the Covid-19 period [Saf Sci, 2020]