¿Puede ser un tratamiento potencial para la covid-19 retrasar el inicio de las respuestas inmunitarias adaptativas durante la fase inicial de las infecciones?
(May delaying the onset of adaptive immune responses during the early phase of infections be a potential treatment for covid‐19?)
Primeras 5 respuestas:
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Suppressing the adaptive immune response temporarily and avoiding its interference with the innate immune response may allow the innate immunity to more efficiently clear the virus.
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The impact of host adaptive immune response on COVID-19 has now become a critical issue in absence of specific therapy and immunotherapies.
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delaying the onset of adaptive immune responses during the early phase of infections may be a potential treatment option for high-risk COVID-19 patients.
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There is an urgent need to investigate how the adaptive immunity is established in COVID-19 patients.
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To revert this scenario, an immune strategy based on enhancement of immunity in the first days of infection would be theoretically well come.
Suppressing the adaptive immune response temporarily and avoiding its interference with the innate immune response may allow the innate immunity to more efficiently clear the virus.
... severe secondary complications. Based on our analysis, delaying the onset of adaptive immune responses during the early phase of infections may be a potential treatment option for high-risk COVID-19 patients. Suppressing the adaptive immune response temporarily and avoiding its interference with the innate immune response may allow the innate immunity to more efficiently clear the virus. ...
Ref: Mathematical modeling of interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses in COVID-19 and implications for viral pathogenesis [J. med. virol, 2020]The impact of host adaptive immune response on COVID-19 has now become a critical issue in absence of specific therapy and immunotherapies.
... The impact of host adaptive immune response on COVID-19 has now become a critical issue in absence of specific therapy and immunotherapies. In SARS CoV-2 infection, the immune response is thought to contribute both to the pathogenesis of the disease and to protection during its resolution. While mild cases develop an immune ...
Ref: [Adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2]. [Medecine sciences : M/S, 2020-09-22]delaying the onset of adaptive immune responses during the early phase of infections may be a potential treatment option for high-risk COVID-19 patients.
... potentially lead to longer recovery time and more severe secondary complications. Based on our analysis, delaying the onset of adaptive immune responses during the early phase of infections may be a potential treatment option for high-risk COVID-19 patients. Suppressing the adaptive immune response temporarily and avoiding its interference with the innate immune response ...
Ref: Mathematical modeling of interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses in COVID-19 and implications for viral pathogenesis [J. med. virol, 2020]There is an urgent need to investigate how the adaptive immunity is established in COVID-19 patients.
... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected more than eight million people. There is an urgent need to investigate how the adaptive immunity is established in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we profiled adaptive immune cells of PBMCs from recovered COVID-19 patients with ...
Ref: Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe versus mild individuals [Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2020]To revert this scenario, an immune strategy based on enhancement of immunity in the first days of infection would be theoretically well come.
... adaptive immune response will take the patient to an overreactive but ineffective innate immune response. To revert this scenario, an immune strategy based on enhancement of immunity in the first days of infection would be theoretically well come. But serious concerns about cytokine response syndrome prevent us to do so. Fortunately, it is ...
Ref: Oromucosal immunomodulation as clinical spectrum mitigating factor in SARS-CoV-2 infection [Scand J Immunol, 2020]The findings raise the possibility that empiric reductions in immunosuppressive therapy for all kidney transplant recipients with active COVID‐19 may not be required.
... immune phenotypes and degrees of COVID‐19 disease severity. Our findings indicate that immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients admitted to the hospital with acute COVID‐19 infection can mount SARS‐CoV‐2‐reactive adaptive immune responses. The findings raise the possibility that empiric reductions in immunosuppressive therapy for all kidney transplant recipients with active COVID‐19 may not be required. ...
Ref: Evidence of potent humoral immune activity in COVID19‐infected kidney transplant recipients [Am J Transplant, 2020-08-12]one clinical strategy involves supporting patient innate and adaptive immune responses early in the time course of illness,
... in a blunted antigen presentation, delaying and diminishing activation of the adaptive immune response Thus, one clinical strategy involves supporting patient innate and adaptive immune responses early in the time course of illness, with the goal of improving the timeliness, readiness, and robustness of both the innate and ...
Ref: cord_uid tcuaizl3 Evidence Supporting a Phased Immuno-physiologi... tcuaizl3 Evidence Supporting a Phased Immuno-physiologi... Name: title, dtype: object [Am J Transplant, cord_uid tcuaizl3 2020 tcuaizl3 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]Uncertainty in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 may have implications for future outbreaks.
... Uncertainty in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 may have implications for future outbreaks. We use simple epidemiological models to explore estimates for the magnitude and timing of future Covid-19 cases given different impacts of the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 as well as ...
Ref: Immuno-epidemiological life-history and the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 over the next five years [Am J Transplant, 2020-07-16]An effective vaccine is needed to halt the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.
... An effective vaccine is needed to halt the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Recently, we reported safety, tolerability and antibody response data from an ongoing placebo-controlled, observer-blinded phase I/II coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine trial with BNT162b1, a lipid nanoparticle-formulated nucleoside-modified mRNA that ...
Ref: COVID-19 vaccine BNT162b1 elicits human antibody and TH1 T cell responses [Nature (Lond.), 2020]The findings raise the possibility that empiric reductions in immunosuppressive therapy for all kidney transplant recipients with active COVID-19 may not be required.
... immune phenotypes and degrees of COVID-19 disease severity. Our findings indicate that immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients admitted to the hospital with acute COVID-19 infection can mount SARS-CoV-2-reactive adaptive immune responses. The findings raise the possibility that empiric reductions in immunosuppressive therapy for all kidney transplant recipients with active COVID-19 may not be required. ...
Ref: cord_uid jxvn3k1e Evidence of potent humoral immune activity in ... jxvn3k1e Evidence of potent humoral immune activity in ... Name: title, dtype: object [Nature (Lond.), cord_uid jxvn3k1e 2020 jxvn3k1e 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]In patients with a dysfunctional bridge adaptive immunity, the innate immune response becomes exaggerated due to the lack of feedback from the adaptive immune cells.
... specific adaptive immune response to eliminate the virus and prevent the progress to severe stages. In patients with a dysfunctional bridge adaptive immunity, the innate immune response becomes exaggerated due to the lack of feedback from the adaptive immune cells. The resultant cytokine storm is responsible for the severe lung injury leading to acute respiratory ...
Ref: Mesenchymal stem cells-bridge catalyst between innate and adaptive immunity in COVID 19 [Med Hypotheses, 2020]To achieve a more efficient immune response, multiple methods could be applied,
... dysfunctional immune response and their contribution to the progression of the disease have been discussed. To achieve a more efficient immune response, multiple methods could be applied, including regulation of the immune response, augmentation of the immune system against the virus, inhibition ...
Ref: Immunobiology and immunotherapy of COVID-19: A clinically updated overview. [Journal of cellular physiology, 2020-10-06]IFN type I and III could be considered for treatment of COVID-19.
... I and III can play an important role in controlling viremia and modulating the immune response in COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Due to their central role in immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection, IFN type I and III could be considered for treatment of COVID-19. ...
Ref: Immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection: the role of interferons type I and type III [Braz. j. infect. dis, 2020]The mechanism relies on inhibition of the anti-viral response of type I interferons (IFNs), which supports uncontrolled viral replication in epithelial cells.
... immune evasion, making them invisible to the immune system at an early stage of infection. The mechanism relies on inhibition of the anti-viral response of type I interferons (IFNs), which supports uncontrolled viral replication in epithelial cells. There is growing body of evidence that the fatal hyperinflammation ("cytokine storm") responsible for the ...
Ref: Dysregulation of the immune system as a driver of the critical course of the novel coronavirus disease 2019. [Polish archives of internal medicine, 2020-07-06]The adaptive immune response in COVID-19 patients is likely to emerge before the peak viral load.
... the timing between the two immune responses has a significant impact on the disease progression. The adaptive immune response in COVID-19 patients is likely to emerge before the peak viral load. And this causes delayed depletion of vulnerable epithelial cells in the lungs in COVID-19 patients. ...
Ref: Covid-19: loss of bridging between innate and adaptive immunity? [Med Hypotheses, 2020-05-23]A key early question for any candidate vaccine for COVID-19 will therefore be whether it induces durable, high quality T-cell protective immunity.
A key early question for any candidate vaccine for COVID-19 will therefore be whether it induces durable, high quality T-cell protective immunity.
Ref: What are the roles of antibodies versus a durable, high quality T-cell response in protective immunity against SARS-CoV2? [Vaccine X, 2020-08-28]failure of effective immune responses in initial stages of viral infection contribute to systemic inflammation and tissue damage, leading to worse disease outcomes.
... a novel coronavirus strain. Some studies suggest that COVID-19 could be an immune-related disease, and failure of effective immune responses in initial stages of viral infection contribute to systemic inflammation and tissue damage, leading to worse disease outcomes. T cells can act as a double-edge sword with both pro- and anti-roles in the ...
Ref: T cell responses and therapies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. [Immunology, 2020-09-15]Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses was associated with mild symptoms of COVID-19,
... similarity with common cold coronaviruses, providing a functional basis for heterologous immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Diversity of SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses was associated with mild symptoms of COVID-19, providing evidence that immunity requires recognition of multiple epitopes. Together, the proposed SARS-CoV-2 T cell ...
Ref: SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides define heterologous and COVID-19-induced T cell recognition. [Nature immunology, 2020-09-30]The future trajectory of the Covid-19 pandemic hinges on the dynamics of adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV2;
... The future trajectory of the Covid-19 pandemic hinges on the dynamics of adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV2; however, salient features of the immune response elicited by natural infection or vaccination are still uncertain. We use simple epidemiological models to explore estimates for the magnitude and timing of ...
Ref: Immune life history, vaccination, and the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 over the next 5 years. [Science, 2020-09-21]Macrophages have shown a significant production of IL-6 suggesting they may contribute to the excessive inflammation in COVID-19 disease.
... innate immune cells, such as macrophages, may contribute, in some cases, to the disease progression. Macrophages have shown a significant production of IL-6 suggesting they may contribute to the excessive inflammation in COVID-19 disease. Macrophage Activation Syndrome may further explain the high serum levels of CRP, which are normally ...
Ref: COVID-19 and the immune system. [Physiological research, 2020-05-29]This predictive view may help in designing an immune intervention or preventive vaccine for COVID-19 in the near future.
... view among SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the newly epidemic SARS-CoV-2, in the hope to gain a better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, host immune responses, and the pathogen immune evasion strategies. This predictive view may help in designing an immune intervention or preventive vaccine for COVID-19 in the near future. ...
Ref: cord_uid pa5i13fj Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vac... pa5i13fj Immune responses in COVID-19 and potential vac... Name: title, dtype: object [Physiological research, cord_uid pa5i13fj 2020 pa5i13fj 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]Vaccines against COVID-19 have the potential to protect people before they are exposed to the infective form of the virus
... Vaccines against COVID-19 have the potential to protect people before they are exposed to the infective form of the virus However, because of the involvement of pathogenic immune processes in many severe presentations of COVID-19, eliciting an immune response with a vaccine must strike a delicate balance to achieve viral ...
Ref: Principles Learned from the International Race to Develop a Safe and Effective COVID-19 Vaccine [ACS central science, 2020]To revert this scenario an immune strategy based on enhancement of immunity in the first days of infection would be theoretically well come.
... adaptative immune response will take the patient to an overreactive but ineffective innate immune response. To revert this scenario an immune strategy based on enhancement of immunity in the first days of infection would be theoretically well come. But serious concerns about cytokine response syndrome prevent us to do so. Fortunately, it is ...
Ref: Oromucosal immunomodulation as clinical spectrum mitigating factor in SARS-CoV-2 infection. [Scandinavian journal of immunology, 2020-09-06]SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells persist in peripheral blood and may be capable of providing effective information about protective immunity.
... protective antibody IgG. Perhaps T cell responses may be the key to solving those questions. SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells persist in peripheral blood and may be capable of providing effective information about protective immunity. The T cells studies can be helpful in elucidating the pathways for development of vaccines, ...
Ref: Protective immunity after COVID-19 has been questioned: What can we do without SARS-CoV-2-IgG detection? [Cell Immunol, 2020]Most cell types in patients with COVID-19 showed a strong interferon-α response and an overall acute inflammatory response.
... cell receptor and B cell receptor sequences, we analyzed the functional properties of immune cells. Most cell types in patients with COVID-19 showed a strong interferon-α response and an overall acute inflammatory response. Moreover, intensive expansion of highly cytotoxic effector T cell subsets, such as CD4+ effector-GNLY (granulysin), ...
Ref: Single-cell landscape of immunological responses in patients with COVID-19. [Nature immunology, 2020-08-12]The treatment of COVID-19 by interferon may jump start and improve the antiviral response of the host to achieve better clinical outcome [43] .
... sensitive to IFN treatment [42] . In this regard, the deficiency of SARS-CoV-2-infected moDCs and MDMs in launching effective IFN response might delay viral clearance and contribute to COVID-19 pathogenesis. The treatment of COVID-19 by interferon may jump start and improve the antiviral response of the host to achieve better clinical outcome [43] . ...
Ref: Attenuated interferon and pro-inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2-infected human dendritic cells is associated with viral antagonism of STAT1 phosphorylation [J Infect Dis, 2020-06-21]the adaptive immunity in most patients could be primed to induce a significant immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection upon receiving standard medical care.
... patients remained unchanged across various age groups. Therefore, we demonstrated that the T and B cells are activated naturally and are functional during SARS-CoV-2 infection. These data provide evidence that the adaptive immunity in most patients could be primed to induce a significant immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection upon receiving standard medical care. ...
Ref: cord_uid 84tvowly Naturally activated adaptive immunity in COVID... 84tvowly Naturally activated adaptive immunity in COVID... Name: title, dtype: object [J Infect Dis, cord_uid 84tvowly 2020 84tvowly 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]Upon infection, monocytes migrate to the tissues where they become infected resident macrophages, allowing viruses to spread through all organs and tissues.
... the infection of these cells by SARS-CoV-2 impairs the adaptive immune responses against the virus. Upon infection, monocytes migrate to the tissues where they become infected resident macrophages, allowing viruses to spread through all organs and tissues. The SARS-CoV-2-infected monocytes and macrophages can produce large amounts of numerous types of pro-inflammatory cytokines ...
Ref: Contribution of monocytes and macrophages to the local tissue inflammation and cytokine storm in COVID-19: Lessons from SARS and MERS, and potential therapeutic interventions [Life Sci, 2020]SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells will likely prove critical for long-term immune protection against COVID-19.
... SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells will likely prove critical for long-term immune protection against COVID-19. Here, we systematically mapped the functional and phenotypic landscape of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in unexposed individuals, exposed family members, and individuals with acute or convalescent COVID-19. Acute-phase SARS-CoV-2-specific T ...
Ref: Robust T Cell Immunity in Convalescent Individuals with Asymptomatic or Mild COVID-19 [Cell, 2020]This case highlights the influence of HIV-1-induced immune dysfunction on the early SARS-CoV-2 clearance.
... remains unknown. Here, we report the first case of COVID-19 with HIV-1 and HCV co-infection, who showed a persistently negative SARS-CoV-2 RNA test, but delayed antibody response in the plasma. This case highlights the influence of HIV-1-induced immune dysfunction on the early SARS-CoV-2 clearance. ...
Ref: Early virus clearance and delayed antibody response in a case of COVID-19 with a history of co-infection with HIV-1 and HCV [Cell, 2020]Reduced circulating NK cell levels and exhaustion may be directly responsible for the progression and severity of COVID-19.
... exhausted phenotype following infection and hint toward the dampening of NK cell responses by coronaviruses. Reduced circulating NK cell levels and exhaustion may be directly responsible for the progression and severity of COVID-19. Conversely, in light of data linking inflammation with coronavirus disease severity, it is necessary to ...
Ref: Flattening the COVID-19 Curve With Natural Killer Cell Based Immunotherapies [Front Immunol, 2020]A number of studies have demonstrated that the adaptive immunity responds to coronavirus infections and is required for efficient clearance of the virus.
... same family as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV based on genome similarity, Coronaviridae. 2, [5] [6] [7] A number of studies have demonstrated that the adaptive immunity responds to coronavirus infections and is required for efficient clearance of the virus. In patients infected with SARS-CoV, the acute phase of infection is associated with a severe ...
Ref: Naturally activated adaptive immunity in COVID‐19 patients [J Cell Mol Med, 2020-09-25]the poor outcome in hospitalized adults with COVID-19 compared to children may not be attributable to a failure to generate adaptive immune responses.
... correlated positively with age and negatively with IL-17A and IFN-γ serum concentrations. There were no differences in anti-spike protein antibody titers to other human coronaviruses. Together, these findings demonstrate that the poor outcome in hospitalized adults with COVID-19 compared to children may not be attributable to a failure to generate adaptive immune responses. ...
Ref: Immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized pediatric and adult patients [Sci. transl. med, 2020]Infection of monocytes/macrophages and/or recruitment of uninfected immune cells can result in massive inflammatory responses later in the disease.
... space, which result in immune cell recruitment, the generation of immune complexes and associated damage. Infection of monocytes/macrophages and/or recruitment of uninfected immune cells can result in massive inflammatory responses later in the disease. Uncontrolled production of pro-inflammatory mediators contributes to ARDS and cytokine storm syndrome. Antiviral agents and ...
Ref: COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options [Clin Immunol, 2020]Given the changing pattern of cytokine induction and immune responses throughout the COVID-19 disease course, different adapted approaches are needed to help patients.
... some patients, immune modulation through JAK inhibitors, corticosteroids, and some other cognate classes are evaluated. Given the changing pattern of cytokine induction and immune responses throughout the COVID-19 disease course, different adapted approaches are needed to help patients. Gaining more knowledge about the detailed pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, its interplay with the immune system, ...
Ref: Immunotherapeutic approaches to curtail COVID-19 [Int Immunopharmacol, 2020]Interrupting early stages of the pathologic response might curtail subsequent immune derangements and facilitate viral clearance.
... the brief window of opportunity between infection and intervention, well before the onset of symptoms. Interrupting early stages of the pathologic response might curtail subsequent immune derangements and facilitate viral clearance. To this end, Li et al. proposed to inhibit neutrophil production of IL-6 and IL-8 ...
Ref: Mechanistic inferences from clinical reports of SARS-CoV-2 [Infect Dis (Lond), 2020-05-27]Enhancing the efficacy of the adaptive immune response may be an important issue both for infection resolution as well as for the appropriate generation of immunity upon vaccination,
... the potential clinical consequences triggered by a cytokine storm, endothelial injury, and disseminated organ injury. Enhancing the efficacy of the adaptive immune response may be an important issue both for infection resolution as well as for the appropriate generation of immunity upon vaccination, while inhibiting inflamm-aging will likely emerge as a potential complementary therapeutic approach in the management ...
Ref: Remodeling of the Immune Response With Aging: Immunosenescence and Its Potential Impact on COVID-19 Immune Response [Front Immunol, 2020]may help to explain factors that contribute to the variety of clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
... from SARS-CoV and other coronaviruses. Understanding how the virus subverts the initial immune response and how an aberrant innate immune response contributes to the respiratory and vascular damage in COVID-19 may help to explain factors that contribute to the variety of clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection. ...
Ref: Innate immunity during SARS-CoV-2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage [Clin. exp. immunol, 2020]The first SARS-CoV2 vaccine(s) will likely be licensed based on neutralizing antibodies in Phase 2 trials,
... The first SARS-CoV2 vaccine(s) will likely be licensed based on neutralizing antibodies in Phase 2 trials, but there are significant concerns about using antibody response in coronavirus infections as a sole metric of protective immunity. Antibody response is often a poor marker of prior coronavirus infection, ...
Ref: cord_uid 0end7063 What are the roles of antibodies versus a dura... 0end7063 What are the roles of antibodies versus a dura... Name: title, dtype: object [Clin. exp. immunol, cord_uid 0end7063 2020 0end7063 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]The role of interferons in the therapy of these infections is also discussed.
... disease severity, and utility in prognostics of the course of SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 outbreaks. The role of interferons in the therapy of these infections is also discussed. Moreover, the kinetics of specific antibody production, the correlation between humoral and cellular immune response ...
Ref: Immune Response to COVID-19: Can We Benefit from the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV Pandemic Experience? [Clin. exp. immunol, 2020]There is no current effective treatment for COVID-19, and new therapeutic interventions are not expected in the short-term.
... There is no current effective treatment for COVID-19, and new therapeutic interventions are not expected in the short-term. A recent study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 did not significantly induce types I, II, or III interferons in ex-vivo infected human lung tissues compared to 2003 SARS-CoV. 79 A previous experiment ...
Ref: Immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection: the role of interferons type I and type III [Braz J Infect Dis, 2020-08-26]The use of type I IFNs is a promising treatment against infection with SARS-CoV-2 [25] .
... help to explain the absence of a strong CD8+ T-cell response in patients with COVID-19. The use of type I IFNs is a promising treatment against infection with SARS-CoV-2 [25] . Besides the anti-viral effect of type I IFNs, the use of these IFNs early in ...
Ref: Protective Adaptive Immunity Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronaviruses 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Implications for Vaccines [Cureus, 2020-06-01]The IL-15 immunotherapy may be a potential strategy for COVID-19 via upregulating of innate immune responses,
... Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor is a treatment strategy in severe COVID-19 patients [157] . The IL-15 immunotherapy may be a potential strategy for COVID-19 via upregulating of innate immune responses, such as the activation and induction of CD8+ T cells, NK cells and Treg cells ...
Ref: Recent findings on the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); immunopathogenesis and immunotherapeutics [Int Immunopharmacol, 2020-10-10]However, overactive and impaired immune responses also cause immune damage and subsequent tissue inflammation.
... on antiviral immune responses to regulate viral replication and spreading within the host in vivo. However, overactive and impaired immune responses also cause immune damage and subsequent tissue inflammation. This article focuses on the dual roles of immune system during SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing a ...
Ref: SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immune responses: Friends or foes? [Scand J Immunol, 2020]Children with COVID-19 developed robust virus-specific antibody production as adult patients did.
... profile of children with COVID-19, which hasn"t been reported before as far as we know. Children with COVID-19 developed robust virus-specific antibody production as adult patients did. But different from adults, children displayed mild serum cytokine elevation, as well as inactive CD8 ...
Ref: Mild Cytokine Elevation, Moderate CD4(+) T Cell Response and Abundant Antibody Production in Children with COVID-19 [Virol Sin, 2020-07-22]Despite immune evasion and subverting innate immune responses during early infection, SARS-CoV-2 effectively initiates immune signalling pathways.
... Despite immune evasion and subverting innate immune responses during early infection, SARS-CoV-2 effectively initiates immune signalling pathways. This is likely due to the increased viral load that exponentially produces viral RNA and viral proteins (pathogen associated molecular patterns -PAMPS), also induces cell damage that release damage associated ...
Ref: Innate immunity during SARS‐CoV‐2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage [Clin Exp Immunol, 2020-09-26]Unsurprisingly, the virus has developed strategies to evade detection, which can result in delayed, excessive activation of the innate immune system.
... produce interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and initiating the adaptive immune response against the virus. Unsurprisingly, the virus has developed strategies to evade detection, which can result in delayed, excessive activation of the innate immune system. The response elicited by the host depends on multiple factors, including health status, age, and ...
Ref: SARS-CoV-2 multifaceted interaction with the human host. Part II: Innate immunity response, immunopathology, and epigenetics [IUBMB life, 2020]CD8+ T cells are critical for the elimination and long-lasting protection of many viral infections,
... CD8+ T cells are critical for the elimination and long-lasting protection of many viral infections, but their role in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is unclear. Emerging data indicates that SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells are detectable in the majority of individuals recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, ...
Ref: Ex vivo detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells: rapid induction, prolonged contraction, and formation of functional memory [bioRxiv, 2020-08-14]Moreover, acute RBD- and NP-specific T cell responses included relatively more CD4 T cells than CD8 T cells.
... and nucleocapsid protein (NP)-specific T cell responses during the first 3 weeks after symptoms onset. Moreover, acute RBD- and NP-specific T cell responses included relatively more CD4 T cells than CD8 T cells. Our findings provided evidence that impaired DCs, together with timely inverted strong antibody but weak ...
Ref: Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection Impairs Dendritic Cell and T Cell Responses [Immunity, 2020]The remarkable spread and unpredictable disease outcomes continue to challenge management of this infection.
... a few months, with disease manifestations ranging from largely asymptomatic infection to critically severe disease. The remarkable spread and unpredictable disease outcomes continue to challenge management of this infection. Among the hypotheses to explain the heterogeneity of symptoms is the possibility that exposure to ...
Ref: Evolution of Early SARS-CoV-2 and Cross-Coronavirus Immunity [MSphere, 2020]In the sustained immune reaction of the COVID-19 patients, until day 59, activated peripheral B cells shifted to expression of IgA2,
... lost this signature, expressed IL-21- and TGF-{beta}-induced gene expression signatures, and mostly IgG1 and IgA1. In the sustained immune reaction of the COVID-19 patients, until day 59, activated peripheral B cells shifted to expression of IgA2, reflecting instruction by TGF-{beta}. Despite the continued generation of activated B cells, those cells were ...
Ref: In severe COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 induces a chronic, TGF-β-dominated adaptive immune response [MSphere, 2020-09-08]Our data suggest an early and rapid rise in functional humoral immunity in the first 2 weeks of infection across antigen-specific targets,
... deeply profiled the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 immunity, and how it is influenced by other coinfections. Our data suggest an early and rapid rise in functional humoral immunity in the first 2 weeks of infection across antigen-specific targets, which is negligibly influenced by cross-reactivity to additional common coronaviruses or common respiratory infections. These ...
Ref: Evolution of Early SARS-CoV-2 and Cross-Coronavirus Immunity [MSphere, 2020]Failure to develop adequate virus limiting immune reactions by some cured patients warrant monitoring of all recovered patients.
... might have resulted in its extremely increased contagiousness probably related with its frequent RNA mutations. Failure to develop adequate virus limiting immune reactions by some cured patients warrant monitoring of all recovered patients. This rapid mini review is aimed to enhance our knowledge of the immune status of ...
Ref: Immune status of COVID-19 patients with reference to SARS and MERS [J. Pure Appl. Microbiol., 2020]the suppressed antiviral innate immune response seems to be the primary cause of the delayed critical cascade of uncontrolled immune events leading to fulminant systemic inflammation.
... a consequence of massive SARSCoV2 replication rather than inappropriate hyperresponsiveness of the immune system. Therefore, the suppressed antiviral innate immune response seems to be the primary cause of the delayed critical cascade of uncontrolled immune events leading to fulminant systemic inflammation. The occurrence of virus transmission even in asymptomatic individuals infected with SARSCoV2 clearly strengthens the ...
Ref: Dysregulation of the immune system as a driver of the critical course of novel coronavirus disease 2019 [Pol Arch Intern Med, 2020]We then simulated treatment with various drug classes to identify optimal therapeutic protocols
... including older age, co-morbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension, and dysregulated immune response (1,2) We then simulated treatment with various drug classes to identify optimal therapeutic protocols We found that the outcome of any treatment depends on the sustained response rate of ...
Ref: In silico dynamics of COVID-19 phenotypes for optimizing clinical management [Res Sq, 2020]Although data on vaccination will await trial results, early data from patients with COVID-19 who have recovered are promising.
... question is whether protective T cell memory can form following either SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Although data on vaccination will await trial results, early data from patients with COVID-19 who have recovered are promising. Memory CD4 + T cells and CD8 + T cells were detected in 100% and ...
Ref: T cell responses in patients with COVID-19 [Nat Rev Immunol, 2020-07-29]The presence or absence of protective immunity due to infection or vaccination (when available) will affect future transmission and illness severity.
... immune response that protects individuals from future infections or illness for some amount of time. The presence or absence of protective immunity due to infection or vaccination (when available) will affect future transmission and illness severity. Here, we review the scientific literature on antibody immunity to coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 as well ...
Ref: A systematic review of antibody mediated immunity to coronaviruses: kinetics, correlates of protection, and association with severity [Nat Commun, 2020]Given that inflammatory immune cells may induce severe lung injury, the involvement of immune factors in the pathogenesis of the disease cannot be overestimated.
... disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory-related disease induced by the newly emerged virus SARS-CoV-2. Given that inflammatory immune cells may induce severe lung injury, the involvement of immune factors in the pathogenesis of the disease cannot be overestimated. It has been demonstrated that coronaviruses (CoVs) have developed mechanisms of immune evasion, making them ...
Ref: Dysregulation of the immune system as a driver of the critical course of the novel coronavirus disease 2019. [Polish archives of internal medicine, 2020-07-06]Nonetheless, such immune responses are implicated in the disease's progression to a more severe and lethal process.
... the immune system that together appear responsible for viral elimination and recovery from the infection. Nonetheless, such immune responses are implicated in the disease"s progression to a more severe and lethal process. This review describes the general aspects of both COVID-19 and its etiological agent SARS-CoV-2, stressing ...
Ref: Immune Response, Inflammation, and the Clinical Spectrum of COVID-19 [Front Immunol, 2020]the delayed RBD-and NP-specific T cell responses within 384 first two weeks after symptoms onset might impact disease severity.
... statistically significant difference in overall T cell responses between 383 mild versus severe acute cases, the delayed RBD-and NP-specific T cell responses within 384 first two weeks after symptoms onset might impact disease severity. It should be noted that 385 initial T cell immune responses are highly variable among ...
Ref: Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection impairs dendritic cell and T cell responses [Immunity, 2020-08-04]COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality have been attributed to a pathologic host response.
... COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality have been attributed to a pathologic host response. Two divergent hypotheses have been proposed: hyperinflammatory cytokine storm; and failure of host protective immunity that results in unrestrained viral dissemination and organ injury. A key explanation for the inability ...
Ref: cord_uid dqsfz1se Severe immunosuppression and not a cytokine st... dqsfz1se Severe immunosuppression and not a cytokine st... Name: title, dtype: object [Immunity, cord_uid dqsfz1se 2020 dqsfz1se 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]A phenomenon called cytokine storm activates violent immunological reactions in the lung tissue resulting in ARDS followed by multiple organ system damages in COVID-19 patients.
... patients resulting in destruction of type 2 pneumocytes hence inability to regenerate the alveolar epithelium. A phenomenon called cytokine storm activates violent immunological reactions in the lung tissue resulting in ARDS followed by multiple organ system damages in COVID-19 patients. Several immune evading mechanisms are thought to be employed by severe respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) ...
Ref: Immune status of COVID-19 patients with reference to SARS and MERS [J. Pure Appl. Microbiol., 2020]Our study represents an important resource towards understanding the heterogeneous immune responses of COVID-19 patients and may provide key information for informing therapeutic development.
... COVID-19 infection. We condensed over 1 million immune features into a single immune response axis that independently aligns with many clinical features and is also strongly associated with disease severity. Our study represents an important resource towards understanding the heterogeneous immune responses of COVID-19 patients and may provide key information for informing therapeutic development. ...
Ref: Multiomic Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 Patients Reveals Early Infection Trajectories [bioRxiv, 2020-07-31]We identify convergence of antibody sequences across SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, highlighting stereotyped naive responses to this virus.
... to IgG and IgA subclasses with limited somatic hypermutation in the initial weeks of infection. We identify convergence of antibody sequences across SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, highlighting stereotyped naive responses to this virus. Notably, sequence-based detection in COVID-19 patients of convergent B cell clonotypes previously reported in SARS-CoV ...
Ref: Human B Cell Clonal Expansion and Convergent Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 [Cell Host Microbe, 2020]Emerging evidence in COVID-19 suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may both evade the innate immune response and kill macrophages.
... therapeutic strategies and appropriate tactics that address four main stages of disease progression for COVID-19. Emerging evidence in COVID-19 suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may both evade the innate immune response and kill macrophages. Delayed innate immune response and a depleted population of macrophages can theoretically result in a ...
Ref: Evidence Supporting a Phased Immuno-physiological Approach to COVID-19 From Prevention Through Recovery. [Integrative medicine, 2020]The presence of potent adaptive immunity even in patients who underwent severe pneumonia sustain the rationale for the development of protective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
... between mild illness and severe pneumonia patients. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that recent history of COVID-19 did not hamper viral memory T-cell pool against common viruses (Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr-virus and Flu-virus). The presence of potent adaptive immunity even in patients who underwent severe pneumonia sustain the rationale for the development of protective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. ...
Ref: COVID-19 patients display distinct SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cell responses according to disease severity [J Infect, 2020-08-25]Improper attribution of ADE to COVID-19 pathogenesis may slow the progress of vaccine development.
... animal models, it is likely too early to attribute ADE to COVID-19 pathology (131) . Improper attribution of ADE to COVID-19 pathogenesis may slow the progress of vaccine development. Concurrently, with better understanding of ADE signalling and antibody function, these experiments provide numerous theoretical ...
Ref: The Comparative Immunological Characteristics of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Infections [Front Immunol, 2020-08-14]An effective mucosal innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 paves the way to an also effective adaptative immune response.
... first days of infection open a new perspective in immunological strategies to counteract viral pathogenicity. An effective mucosal innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 paves the way to an also effective adaptative immune response. A strong local immune response seems to be crucial in the initial contention of the ...
Ref: Oromucosal immunomodulation as clinical spectrum mitigating factor in SARS-CoV-2 infection. [Scandinavian journal of immunology, 2020-09-06]may contribute to delayed virus clearance and has implications for therapeutic intervention.
... consistent with a primary immune response, with possible contribution from memory B cells. Our in-depth immune profiling reveals dyssynchrony of the innate and adaptive immune interaction in progressive COVID-19, which may contribute to delayed virus clearance and has implications for therapeutic intervention. ...
Ref: Single-Cell Omics Reveals Dyssynchrony of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System in Progressive COVID-19 [Scandinavian journal of immunology, 2020-07-17]Dysregulated responses in immunity, such as at the stages of immune sensing, alarming, polarization, and resolution, may contribute to disease pathology.
... immune responses involves synchronized cellular and molecular cascades and cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulated responses in immunity, such as at the stages of immune sensing, alarming, polarization, and resolution, may contribute to disease pathology. Herein, we approach SARS-CoV-2 through an immunomodulatory lens, discussing possible mechanisms of the asynchronized antiviral ...
Ref: Immune asynchrony in COVID-19 pathogenesis and potential immunotherapies [J. exp. med, 2020]Most cell types in patients with COVID-19 showed a strong interferon-α response and an overall acute inflammatory response.
... cell receptor and B cell receptor sequences, we analyzed the functional properties of immune cells. Most cell types in patients with COVID-19 showed a strong interferon-α response and an overall acute inflammatory response. Moreover, intensive expansion of highly cytotoxic effector T cell subsets, such as CD4+ effector-GNLY (granulysin), ...
Ref: Single-cell landscape of immunological responses in patients with COVID-19 [Nat Immunol, 2020]The delayed adaptive immune response resulted in prolonged virus clearance and correlated with the severity of the SARS disease (74) .
... (in ∼80-90% of patients) was observed in the acute phase of SARS patients (73) . The delayed adaptive immune response resulted in prolonged virus clearance and correlated with the severity of the SARS disease (74) . One possible reason for the decreased number of T cells is that after infecting alveolar ...
Ref: Highlight of Immune Pathogenic Response and Hematopathologic Effect in SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-Cov-2 Infection [Front Immunol, 2020-05-12]Notably, coordination of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific responses was disrupted in individuals ≥ 65 years old.
... disease, suggesting roles for both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in protective immunity in COVID-19. Notably, coordination of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific responses was disrupted in individuals ≥ 65 years old. Scarcity of naive T cells was also associated with aging and poor disease outcomes. A ...
Ref: Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity [Cell, 2020]Treatment of infection has been hampered by our lack of knowledge related to the underlying mechanisms that drive heterogeneous disease outcomes.
... recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has altered the globe due to its unprecedented speed of dissemination. Treatment of infection has been hampered by our lack of knowledge related to the underlying mechanisms that drive heterogeneous disease outcomes. While the majority of individuals appear to experience mild disease, it remains unclear why a ...
Ref: Evolution of Early SARS-CoV-2 and Cross-Coronavirus Immunity [mSphere, 2020-09-02]Administration of a medication early in the symptom onset might not be beneficial and even could be deleterious later in the acute phase.
... the disease. In addition, determining the stage of the disease is necessary prior to applying a treatment. Administration of a medication early in the symptom onset might not be beneficial and even could be deleterious later in the acute phase. The immunotherapeutic approaches can hinder virus entry, replication, and/or the immune system behavior. ...
Ref: Recent findings on the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); immunopathogenesis and immunotherapeutics [Int Immunopharmacol, 2020-10-10]CD47 blockade could be used to speed up and strengthen both innate and adaptive immune responses when medically indicated.
... responses to any pathogen that triggers PRR signaling. Since most or all pathogens trigger PRRs, CD47 blockade could be used to speed up and strengthen both innate and adaptive immune responses when medically indicated. Such immunotherapy could be done without a requirement for knowing the HLA type of the ...
Ref: Upregulation of CD47 Is a Host Checkpoint Response to Pathogen Recognition [mBio (Online), 2020]The model with the eclipse phase, time in a latent phase before becoming productively infected cells, was not supported.
... which suggests a slow immune response peaking between 5 to 10 days post-onset of symptoms. The model with the eclipse phase, time in a latent phase before becoming productively infected cells, was not supported. Interestingly, all models predict that SARS-CoV-2 may replicate very slowly in the first days after ...
Ref: In-host Mathematical Modelling of COVID-19 in Humans [Annual reviews in control, 2020]Currently, little is known about the progression of an immune response against SARSCoV- 2 upon infection or sub-infection-exposure over time.
... OBJECTIVE: Currently, little is known about the progression of an immune response against SARSCoV- 2 upon infection or sub-infection-exposure over time. We examined the serologic response in healthcare workers up to 12 weeks after a well-documented and contained outbreak and compared results with findings from earlier serologic testing in the ...
Ref: Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in health care workers following a COVID-19 outbreak: A prospective longitudinal study [J Clin Virol, 2020]The T cell response of critical COVID-19 patients is robust and comparable or even superior to non-critical patients.
... induces the highest frequencies of CD4+ T cells, suggesting its relevance for diagnosis and vaccination. The T cell response of critical COVID-19 patients is robust and comparable or even superior to non-critical patients. Virus clearance and COVID-19 survival are not associated with either SARS-CoV-2 T cell kinetics or ...
Ref: Robust T Cell Response Toward Spike, Membrane, and Nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Is Not Associated with Recovery in Critical COVID-19 Patients [Cell Rep Med, 2020]Covid-19 has been proposed to reflect insufficient and/or pathologically exaggerated immune responses.
... potential to cause life-threatening Covid-19 disease. By comparison to pauci-symptomatic virus clearance by most individuals, Covid-19 has been proposed to reflect insufficient and/or pathologically exaggerated immune responses. Here we identify a consensus peripheral blood immune signature across 63 hospital-treated Covid-19 patients who ...
Ref: A consensus Covid-19 immune signature combines immuno-protection with discrete sepsis-like traits associated with poor prognosis [Cell Rep Med, 2020-06-09]A defective switch between innate and adaptive immunity has been described to differentiate patients with favorable and unfavorable outcome after SARS-CoV infection in previous studies 16 .
... therefore investigated differences in the T cell immunity between moderate, severe and critical COVID-19 patients. A defective switch between innate and adaptive immunity has been described to differentiate patients with favorable and unfavorable outcome after SARS-CoV infection in previous studies 16 . Surprisingly, and in contrast to the endemic SARS-CoV infection, we detected the highest magnitude of ...
Ref: The SARS-CoV-2 T-cell immunity is directed against the spike, membrane, and nucleocapsid protein and associated with COVID 19 severity [Cell Rep Med, 2020-05-16]We review the major therapeutic strategies that have been considered for sepsis and might be amenable to repurposing for COVID-19.
... including sepsis-related multiple organ dysfunction as well as the pathophysiological changes found in the lungs. We review the major therapeutic strategies that have been considered for sepsis and might be amenable to repurposing for COVID-19. We also discuss two different immunization strategies that have the potential to confer antiviral heterologous ...
Ref: Immune Response Resetting as a Novel Strategy to Overcome SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cytokine Storm [J. immunol, 2020]At present, there is no specific antiviral therapy for COVID-19 and the main treatments are supportive.
... for the recognition and killing of infected cells, particularly in the lungs of infected individuals. At present, there is no specific antiviral therapy for COVID-19 and the main treatments are supportive. In this review, we investigated the innate and acquired immune responses in patients who recovered ...
Ref: cord_uid 3nnlkbph Immune responses and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-... 3nnlkbph Immune responses and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-... Name: title, dtype: object [J. immunol, cord_uid 3nnlkbph 2020 3nnlkbph 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]A key goal to controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is developing an effective vaccine.
... A key goal to controlling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is developing an effective vaccine. Development of a vaccine requires knowledge of what constitutes a protective immune response and also features that might be pathogenic. Protective and pathogenic aspects of the response to severe acute ...
Ref: Lessons for COVID-19 Immunity from Other Coronavirus Infections [Immunity, 2020]This early, delayed immune activation may be followed in patients with severe disease by an imbalanced and overwhelming inflammatory response causing tissue injury and respiratory dysfunction
... the innate immune response during the early phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection may facilitate its replication, but also explain the delayed clinical symptoms observed in most COVID-19 patients. This early, delayed immune activation may be followed in patients with severe disease by an imbalanced and overwhelming inflammatory response causing tissue injury and respiratory dysfunction (Fig. 1 ). ...
Ref: Pulmonary immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection: harmful or not? [Intensive Care Med, 2020-07-17]many hopes are put in developing an effective vaccine against the virus,
... clinical picture of COVID-19, which includes immune memory and reinfection, remains unclear and unpredictable However, many hopes are put in developing an effective vaccine against the virus, and different therapeutic options have been implemented to find effective, even though not specific, treatment ...
Ref: Immunological aspects of COVID-19: What do we know? [World J Biol Chem, 2020]Thus, one clinical strategy involves supporting patient innate and adaptive immune responses early in the time course of illness,
... result in a blunted antigen presentation, delaying and diminishing activation of the adaptive immune response. Thus, one clinical strategy involves supporting patient innate and adaptive immune responses early in the time course of illness, with the goal of improving the timeliness, readiness, and robustness of both the innate and ...
Ref: Evidence Supporting a Phased Immuno-physiological Approach to COVID-19 From Prevention Through Recovery. [Integrative medicine, 2020]There is an initial weak interferon response and macrophage activation that results in delayed neutrophil recruitment leading to impeded viral clearance.
... the "cytokine storm." This response is thought to contribute to the pathogenicity of severe COVID-19. There is an initial weak interferon response and macrophage activation that results in delayed neutrophil recruitment leading to impeded viral clearance. This causes prolonged immune stimulation and the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Elevated inflammatory markers in ...
Ref: The Longitudinal Immune Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019: Chasing the Cytokine Storm. [Arthritis & rheumatology, 2020-09-15]To fulfill the pressing need, we examined antibody generation and virus clearance in 26 patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19.
... immune system is thought to have participated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. The importance of innate and adaptive immunity in the defense against SARS-CoV-2 needs to be urgently determined. 5 To fulfill the pressing need, we examined antibody generation and virus clearance in 26 patients with SARS-CoV-2-induced COVID-19. ...
Ref: Long‐term coexistence of SARS‐CoV‐2 with antibody response in COVID‐19 patients [J Med Virol, 2020-05-05]We propose that COVID-19 infection severely compromises the hosts innate immune response, and ability to generate a sufficient adaptive immune response.
... We propose that COVID-19 infection severely compromises the hosts innate immune response, and ability to generate a sufficient adaptive immune response. We also propose that such suppression of the innate immune response occurs via over-expression of NKG2A (an inhibitory receptor) on CD8 + and NK cells, leading to their reduction and ...
Ref: Innate immunity in COVID-19 patients mediated by NKG2A receptors, and potential treatment using Monalizumab, Cholroquine, and antiviral agents [Medical Hypotheses, 2020-07-31]As the disease continues to spread rapidly, the development of prophylactic and therapeutic approaches is urgently required.
... pandemic, putting at risk not only the global healthcare system, but also the world economy. As the disease continues to spread rapidly, the development of prophylactic and therapeutic approaches is urgently required. Although some progress has been made in understanding the viral structure and invasion mechanism of ...
Ref: Highlight of Immune Pathogenic Response and Hematopathologic Effect in SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-Cov-2 Infection [Front Immunol, 2020]in case of COVID-19 these responses seem to be diminished 41 or dysregulated.
... assembly and egress. 39 Moreover, IFNs also activate other innate and adaptive immune responses. However, in case of COVID-19 these responses seem to be diminished 41 or dysregulated. 42 SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV inhibit IFN signaling on various levels. 43 The nsp 16 mediated ...
Ref: Immunology of COVID‐19: mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics and perspectives – a report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) [Allergy, 2020-06-25]T cells play a key role in the adaptive antiviral immune response by killing infected cells and facilitating the selection of virus-specific antibodies.
... COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. T cells play a key role in the adaptive antiviral immune response by killing infected cells and facilitating the selection of virus-specific antibodies. However neither the dynamics and cross-reactivity of the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response nor the diversity of resulting immune memory are ...
Ref: Longitudinal high-throughput TCR repertoire profiling reveals the dynamics of T cell memory formation after mild COVID-19 infection [Allergy, 2020-05-17]is critical for the development of vaccination strategies, immune-targeted therapies, and treatment and prevention of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.
... Understanding pediatric-specific acute and delayed immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for the development of vaccination strategies, immune-targeted therapies, and treatment and prevention of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. The goal of this review is to highlight research developments in the understanding of the ...
Ref: Insight into the pediatric and adult dichotomy of COVID-19: Age-related differences in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection [Pediatr. pulmonol, 2020]Several studies indicate overtly elevated serum proinflammatory cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients [1] ,
... Several studies indicate overtly elevated serum proinflammatory cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients [1] , correlated with the severity of pneumonia as with MERS-COV and SARS infections [12, 13] . Cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) and Natural Killer (NK) cells are required to generate an effective immune ...
Ref: Innate immunity in COVID-19 patients mediated by NKG2A receptors, and potential treatment using Monalizumab, Cholroquine, and antiviral agents [Medical Hypotheses, 2020-07-31]This counter-intuitive finding may have important implications for diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic COVID-19 management.
... immunity in disease progression. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that depletion of activated memory phenotype circulating T-cells and a strong SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular and humoral immunity are associated with COVID-19 disease severity. This counter-intuitive finding may have important implications for diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic COVID-19 management. ...
Ref: A possible role of immunopathogenesis in COVID-19 progression [Medical Hypotheses, 2020-05-02]We concluded that, in convalescent patients with undetectable SARS-CoV-2 IgG, immunity may be mediated through T cells.
... showed T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2. We observed a similar frequency (80%) of T-cell immunity in convalescent donors with strong antibody responses but did not detect immunity in negative controls. We concluded that, in convalescent patients with undetectable SARS-CoV-2 IgG, immunity may be mediated through T cells. ...
Ref: Cellular Immunity in COVID-19 Convalescents with PCR-Confirmed Infection but with Undetectable SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgG. [Emerging infectious diseases, 2020-10-15]An overactive innate immune response can lead to a cytokine storm, inflammation, and vascular disruption,
... response elicited by the host depends on multiple factors, including health status, age, and sex. An overactive innate immune response can lead to a cytokine storm, inflammation, and vascular disruption, leading to the vast array of symptoms exhibited by COVID-19 patients. What is known about ...
Ref: SARS-CoV-2 multifaceted interaction with the human host. Part II: Innate immunity response, immunopathology, and epigenetics [IUBMB life, 2020]rapid induction of the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells within a week
... the SARS-CoV-2-spike protein. This was confirmed in a longitudinal analysis of acute-resolving infection that demonstrated rapid induction of the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells within a week followed by a prolonged contraction phase that outlasted the waning humoral immune response indicating that ...
Ref: Ex vivo detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells: rapid induction, prolonged contraction, and formation of functional memory [bioRxiv, 2020-08-14]T-cell exhaustion due to SARS-CoV-2 and even their reduction in numbers due to apoptosis hinder the response to the infection.
... are some of the biomarkers postulated in this context. As previously observed in prolonged sepsis, T-cell exhaustion due to SARS-CoV-2 and even their reduction in numbers due to apoptosis hinder the response to the infection. In this review, we synthesized the immune changes observed during COVID-19, the role of immune ...
Ref: Immune Response and COVID-19: A mirror image of Sepsis [Int J Biol Sci, 2020]