¿Cuáles son las bases genéticas e inmunológicas de la covid-19 severa?

(What are the genetic and immunologic underpinnings of severe covid-19?)

Primeras 5 respuestas:

1. Some patients showing severe symptoms exhibit drastic inflammation and airway damage.


2. COVID-19 has shown a substantial variation in the rate and severity by which it impacts different demographic groups.


3. Susceptibility to severe viral infections was reported to be associated with genetic variants in immune response genes using case reports and GWAS studies.


4. The genes regulating Toll-like receptor and complement pathways and subsequently cytokine storm induced exaggerated inflammatory pathways seem to underlie the severity of COVID-19,


5. Abnormal coagulation and an increased risk of thrombosis are features of severe COVID-19,

Some patients showing severe symptoms exhibit drastic inflammation and airway damage.

... SARS-CoV-2 infection has recently been declared a pandemic. Some patients showing severe symptoms exhibit drastic inflammation and airway damage. In this study, we re-analyzed published scRNA-seq data of COVID-19 patient bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to further classify and compare immunological features according ...

Ref: Re-analysis of Single Cell Transcriptome Reveals That the NR3C1-CXCL8-Neutrophil Axis Determines the Severity of COVID-19 [Front Immunol, 2020-08-28]

COVID-19 has shown a substantial variation in the rate and severity by which it impacts different demographic groups.

... COVID-19 has shown a substantial variation in the rate and severity by which it impacts different demographic groups. Specifically, it has shown a predilection towards obese patients as well as as well as other vulnerable groups including predilection of males over females, old age over young age and ...

Ref: Single cell sequencing unraveling genetic basis of shared immunologic switch between Severe COVID19 and Obesity [Obes Med, 2020-09-24]

Susceptibility to severe viral infections was reported to be associated with genetic variants in immune response genes using case reports and GWAS studies.

... BACKGROUND: Susceptibility to severe viral infections was reported to be associated with genetic variants in immune response genes using case reports and GWAS studies. SARS-CoV-2 is an emergent viral disease that caused millions of COVID-19 cases all over the world. Around 15 % of cases are severe and some of them are accompanied ...

Ref: The role of host genetics in susceptibility to severe viral infections in humans and insights into host genetics of severe COVID-19: A systematic review [Virus Res, 2020]

The genes regulating Toll-like receptor and complement pathways and subsequently cytokine storm induced exaggerated inflammatory pathways seem to underlie the severity of COVID-19,

... crucial in influencing susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 and can be the second genetic gateway. The genes regulating Toll-like receptor and complement pathways and subsequently cytokine storm induced exaggerated inflammatory pathways seem to underlie the severity of COVID-19, and such genes might represent the third genetic gateway. Host-pathogen interaction is a complex event ...

Ref: Genetic gateways to COVID-19 infection: Implications for risk, severity, and outcomes [FASEB J, 2020]

Abnormal coagulation and an increased risk of thrombosis are features of severe COVID-19,

... Abnormal coagulation and an increased risk of thrombosis are features of severe COVID-19, with parallels proposed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a life-threating condition associated with hyperinflammation. The presence of HLH was described in severely ill patients during the H1N1 influenza epidemic, presenting with ...

Ref: A network-informed analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis genes' interactions points to Neutrophil Extracellular Traps as mediators of thrombosis in COVID-19 [FASEB J, 2020-07-02]

The inflammatory response to SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is thought to underpin COVID-19 pathogenesis.

... The inflammatory response to SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is thought to underpin COVID-19 pathogenesis. We conducted daily transcriptomic profiling of three COVID-19 cases and found that the early immune response in COVID-19 patients is highly dynamic. Patient throat swabs were tested daily for SARS-CoV-2, ...

Ref: A Dynamic Immune Response Shapes COVID-19 Progression [Cell Host Microbe, 2020]

COVID-19 is often related to hyperinflammation that drives lung or multiorgan injury.

... COVID-19 is often related to hyperinflammation that drives lung or multiorgan injury. The immunopathological mechanisms that cause excessive inflammation are under investigation and constantly updated. Here, a gene network approach was used on recently published data sets to identify possible COVID-19 inflammatory ...

Ref: cord_uid z5ivs07y COVID-19 Hyperinflammation: What about Neutrop... z5ivs07y COVID-19 Hyperinflammation: What about Neutrop... Name: title, dtype: object [Cell Host Microbe, cord_uid z5ivs07y 2020 z5ivs07y 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]

A recent genetic association study1 identified a gene cluster on chromosome 3 as a risk locus for respiratory failure upon SARS-CoV-2 infection.

... A recent genetic association study1 identified a gene cluster on chromosome 3 as a risk locus for respiratory failure upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. A new study2 comprising 3,199 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and controls finds that this is the major genetic risk factor for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization (COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative). Here, ...

Ref: The major genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19 is inherited from Neanderthals. [Nature, 2020-09-30]

Host genetic factors, along with other risk factors may help determine susceptibility to respiratory tract infections.

... the need to identify genetic risk factors for susceptibility to this serious illness has emerged. Host genetic factors, along with other risk factors may help determine susceptibility to respiratory tract infections. It is hypothesized that the ACE2 gene, encoding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is a genetic ...

Ref: Role of Genetic Variants and Gene Expression in the Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19. [Annals of laboratory medicine, 2021-03-01]

Genomics-led researches are engaged in tracing virus expression pattern, and induced immune responses in human to develop effective vaccine against COVID-19.

... Genomics-led researches are engaged in tracing virus expression pattern, and induced immune responses in human to develop effective vaccine against COVID-19. In this study, targeted expression profiling and differential gene expression analysis of major histocompatibility complexes and innate immune system genes were performed through SARS-CoV-2 infected RNA-seq data of human cell ...

Ref: SARS-CoV-2 transcriptome analysis and molecular cataloguing of immunodominant epitopes for multi-epitope based vaccine design [Genomics, 2020]

Germline variants in genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry

... Germline variants in genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 cell entry (i.e. ACE2 and TMPRSS2) may influence the susceptibility to infection, as may polymorphisms in genes involved in the innate host response to viruses (e.g. APOBEC3 family). We searched for polymorphisms ...

Ref: Lung expression of genes encoding SARS-CoV-2 cell entry molecules and antiviral restriction factors: interindividual differences are associated with age and germline variants [bioRxiv, 2020-06-24]

The COVID-19 pandemic has strengthened the interest in the biological mechanisms underlying the complex interplay between infectious agents and the human host.

... The COVID-19 pandemic has strengthened the interest in the biological mechanisms underlying the complex interplay between infectious agents and the human host. The spectrum of phenotypes associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection, ranging from the absence of symptoms to severe systemic complications, raised the question as to what extent the variable response to ...

Ref: Genetic variants of the human host influencing the coronavirus-associated phenotypes (SARS, MERS and COVID-19): rapid systematic review and field synopsis [Hum Genomics, 2020]

will identify rare, deleterious mutations that lead to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe clinical outcome.

... disease. Sequencing children and young or middle-aged individuals with severe COVID-19, who are otherwise healthy, will identify rare, deleterious mutations that lead to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe clinical outcome. This will offer unique insights on the disease pathogenesis in natura, which will undoubtedly offer ...

Ref: Deciphering the Role of Host Genetics in Susceptibility to Severe COVID-19 [Front Immunol, 2020-06-30]

SARS-CoV-2 is an emergent viral disease that caused millions of COVID-19 cases all over the world.

... be associated with genetic variants in immune response genes using case reports and GWAS studies. SARS-CoV-2 is an emergent viral disease that caused millions of COVID-19 cases all over the world. Around 15% of cases are severe and some of them are accompanied by dysregulated immune ...

Ref: The role of Host Genetics in susceptibility to severe viral infections in humans and INSIGHTS into host genetics of severe COVID-19: A systematic review [Virus Res, 2020-09-09]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a mild to moderate respiratory tract infection,

... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a mild to moderate respiratory tract infection, however, a subset of patients progress to severe disease and respiratory failure. The mechanism of protective immunity in mild forms and the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 associated with increased neutrophil ...

Ref: Severe COVID-19 Is Marked by a Dysregulated Myeloid Cell Compartment [Cell, 2020]

The inflammatory response to SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is thought to underpin COVID-19 pathogenesis

... The inflammatory response to SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is thought to underpin COVID-19 pathogenesis We conducted daily transcriptomic profiling of three COVID-19 cases and found that the early immune response in COVID-19 patients is highly dynamic Patient throat swabs were tested daily for SARS-CoV-2 ...

Ref: A dynamic immune response shapes COVID-19 progression [Cell Press, 2020]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) displays high clinical variability but the parameters that determine disease severity are still unclear.

... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) displays high clinical variability but the parameters that determine disease severity are still unclear. Pre-existing T cell memory has been hypothesized as a protective mechanism but conclusive evidence is lacking. Here we demonstrate that all unexposed individuals harbor SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells with marginal ...

Ref: Pre-existing T cell memory as a risk factor for severe 1 COVID-19 in the elderly [Cell Press, 2020-09-18]

The difference between the female and male immune response to COVID-19 infection, and infections in general, is multifactorial.

... The difference between the female and male immune response to COVID-19 infection, and infections in general, is multifactorial. The well-known determiners of the immune response, such as X and Y chromosomes, sex hormones, and microbiota, are functionally interconnected and influence each other in shaping the organism"s immunity. We ...

Ref: The Role of Genetic Sex and Mitochondria in Response to COVID-19 Infection [Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 2020-06-19]

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is significantly more severe in adults than in children.

... COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is significantly more severe in adults than in children. The biological reasons for this difference remain to be elucidated. We have compared the most recent virological and immunological data related to COVID-19 between adults and children and contrasted this ...

Ref: Can data from paediatric cohorts solve the COVID-19 puzzle? [PLoS Pathog, 2020]

Recent studies have characterized the single-cell immune landscape of host immune response of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),

... Recent studies have characterized the single-cell immune landscape of host immune response of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), specifically focus on the severe condition. However, the immune response in mild or even asymptomatic patients remains unclear. Here, we performed longitudinal single-cell transcriptome sequencing and T cell/B cell receptor ...

Ref: Longitudinal single-cell immune profiling revealed distinct innate immune response in asymptomatic COVID-19 patients [bioRxiv, 2020-09-03]

COVID-19 is a serious illness with no efficacious antiviral medication or approved vaccine currently available.

... of the Republic of Indonesia confirmed its first two cases of COVID-19 in March 2020. COVID-19 is a serious illness with no efficacious antiviral medication or approved vaccine currently available. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the genome of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we ...

Ref: Genetic variant of SARS-CoV-2 isolates in Indonesia: Spike glycoprotein gene [J. Pure Appl. Microbiol., 2020]

Coronavirus disease 2019 has markedly varied clinical presentations, with most patients being asymptomatic or having mild symptoms.

... Coronavirus disease 2019 has markedly varied clinical presentations, with most patients being asymptomatic or having mild symptoms. However, severe acute respiratory disease, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is common and associated with mortality in patients who require hospitalization. The etiology of susceptibility to ...

Ref: cord_uid d1xvwehu Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphis... d1xvwehu Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphis... Name: title, dtype: object [J. Pure Appl. Microbiol., cord_uid d1xvwehu 2020 d1xvwehu 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a wide variation in expression and severity of symptoms,

... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a wide variation in expression and severity of symptoms, from very mild or no symptoms, to flu-like symptoms, and in more severe cases, to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and even death. Large differences in outcome have also been ...

Ref: Lack of Association Between Genetic Variants at ACE2 and TMPRSS2 Genes Involved in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Human Quantitative Phenotypes [Front. Genet., 2020]

Severe COVID-19 has been thought to result in profound immune dysregulation at both a local and systemic level.

... Severe COVID-19 has been thought to result in profound immune dysregulation at both a local and systemic level. Here, we performed a re-analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data to identify common and compartment-specific signatures of COVID-19 disease severity. We used identical methods to separately analyze multi-donor scRNA-seq ...

Ref: Dissecting the common and compartment-specific features of COVID-19 severity in the lung and periphery with single-cell resolution [bioRxiv, 2020-06-19]

Here we analysed clinical, molecular and immunological data from 326 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Shanghai.

... effective therapeutic measures require a deep understanding of the epidemiology, transmissibility and pathogenesis of COVID-19. Here we analysed clinical, molecular and immunological data from 326 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Shanghai. The genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2, assembled from 112 high-quality samples together with sequences in the ...

Ref: Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19 [Nature, 2020]

The manifestation of the COVID-19 varies from absence of symptoms to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.

... The manifestation of the COVID-19 varies from absence of symptoms to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. The epidemiological data indicate that infection and mortality rates are greater in European populations in comparison with eastern Asians. To test if epidemiological patterns may be partly determined by human ...

Ref: TMPRSS2 variants and their susceptibility to COVID-19: focus in East Asian and European populations [Nature, 2020-06-11]

some patients suffer from severe COVID-19, which is accompanied by acute respiratory distress syndrome and systemic inflammation.

... Although most SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals experience mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some patients suffer from severe COVID-19, which is accompanied by acute respiratory distress syndrome and systemic inflammation. To identify factors driving severe progression of COVID-19, we performed single-cell RNA-seq using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from ...

Ref: Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19 [Sci Immunol, 2020-07-10]

genetic factors regulating inflammation seems to play an overarching role in COVID-19.

... risk of SARS-CoV-2. However, given an important role of genetic background in determining the pattern of inflammatory response, and a critical role of cytokines in influencing the severity of COVID-19, genetic factors regulating inflammation seems to play an overarching role in COVID-19. ...

Ref: Genetic gateways to COVID‐19 infection: Implications for risk, severity, and outcomes [FASEB J, 2020-06-11]

Inborn errors of cell-intrinsic immunity in the CNS might be involved in the rarer neurological complications of COVID-19.

... inflammation, such as deficiencies of IL-1 or IL-6 immunity, protect against severe forms of COVID-19. Inborn errors of cell-intrinsic immunity in the CNS might be involved in the rarer neurological complications of COVID-19. The anosmia reported by some patients suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may infect the olfactory bulb, from ...

Ref: A global effort to define the human genetics of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection [Cell, 2020-05-13]

Individual genetic landscapes can contribute to understand Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) burden

... disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a crucial aspect of infection, prognosis and associated case fatality rate. Individual genetic landscapes can contribute to understand Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) burden and can give information on how to fight virus spreading and the associated severe acute ...

Ref: Genetic Hypothesis and Pharmacogenetics Side of Renin-Angiotensin-System in COVID-19. [Genes, 2020-09-03]

The systematic identification of host genetic risk factors is essential for the understanding and treatment of COVID-19.

... The systematic identification of host genetic risk factors is essential for the understanding and treatment of COVID-19. By performing a meta-analysis of two independent genome-wide association (GWAS) summary datasets (N = 680,128), a novel locus at 21q22.11 was identified to be associated with COVID-19 infection (rs9976829 in ...

Ref: Integrative Genomics Analysis Reveals a Novel 21q22.11 Locus Contributing to Susceptibility of COVID-19 [Genes, 2020-09-18]

Coronaviruses (CoVs) is a single single-strand RNA genome approximately 26 - 32 kb in size Out of the seven coronaviruses,

... Coronaviruses (CoVs) is a single single-strand RNA genome approximately 26 - 32 kb in size Out of the seven coronaviruses, three HCoVs (Human CoVs) have been discovered that causes severe pneumonia such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and recently recognized SARS-CoV-2, which possesses ...

Ref: COVID 19: An Epidemiological and Host Genetics Appraisal [Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2020]

COVID-19 infection has a heterogenous disease course; it may be asymptomatic or causes only mild symptoms in the majority of the cases,

... COVID-19 infection has a heterogenous disease course; it may be asymptomatic or causes only mild symptoms in the majority of the cases, while immunologic complications such as macrophage activation syndrome also known as secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, resulting in cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome, may also occur in some patients. ...

Ref: Cytokine storm in COVID-19: pathogenesis and overview of anti-inflammatory agents used in treatment [Clin Rheumatol, 2020]

The future trajectory of the Covid-19 pandemic hinges on the dynamics of adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV2;

... The future trajectory of the Covid-19 pandemic hinges on the dynamics of adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV2; however, salient features of the immune response elicited by natural infection or vaccination are still uncertain. We use simple epidemiological models to explore estimates for the magnitude and timing of ...

Ref: Immune life history, vaccination, and the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 over the next 5 years [Science (Wash.), 2020]

We performed detailed characterization of B cell responses through high-dimensional flow cytometry to reveal substantial heterogeneity in both effector and immature populations.

... (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19 pandemic, although the immunological underpinnings of diverse disease outcomes remain to be defined. We performed detailed characterization of B cell responses through high-dimensional flow cytometry to reveal substantial heterogeneity in both effector and immature populations. More notably, critically ill patients displayed hallmarks of extrafollicular B cell activation and shared B ...

Ref: Extrafollicular B cell responses correlate with neutralizing antibodies and morbidity in COVID-19 [Science (Wash.), 2020]

Severe COVID-19 disease has been associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombosis,

... SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 disease has been associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombosis, but the mechanisms underlying COVID-19-related coagulopathy remain unknown. The risk of severe COVID-19 disease is higher in males than in females and increases ...

Ref: COVID-19-Related Coagulopathy—Is Transferrin a Missing Link? [Diagnostics (Basel), 2020-07-30]

COVID-19, the recent pandemic has affected individuals of all age groups as well as all ethnicities.

... COVID-19, the recent pandemic has affected individuals of all age groups as well as all ethnicities. However, poor prognosis has been witnessed in the elderly effected group with or without comorbidities [7] [8] [9] [10] . The overall CFR for cases with age 70 to 79 ...

Ref: Cumulative effect of aging and SARS-CoV2 infection on poor prognosis in the elderly: Insights from transcriptomic analysis of lung and blood [bioRxiv, 2020-06-21]

Several studies reported genetic mutations involved in the TLR3 signaling pathway including TLR3, TRIF, TRAF3, and TBK1 genes.

Several studies reported genetic mutations involved in the TLR3 signaling pathway including TLR3, TRIF, TRAF3, and TBK1 genes. In a recent study done on 16 patients with adult-onset

Ref: The role of Host Genetics in susceptibility to severe viral infections in humans and INSIGHTS into host genetics of severe COVID-19: A systematic review [Virus Res, 2020-09-09]

Genetic polymorphisms in other multiple genes, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and interleukin-6, are also closely associated with underlying diseases,

... that polymorphisms and the expression level of ACE2 influence infectivity and consequent pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. Genetic polymorphisms in other multiple genes, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and interleukin-6, are also closely associated with underlying diseases, such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which substantially raise SARS-CoV-2 mortality. However, it ...

Ref: The Perfect Storm: COVID-19 Health Disparities in US Blacks [J. racial ethnic health disparities (Internet), 2020]

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shared similar pathogenetic, clinical and pathological features.

... Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shared similar pathogenetic, clinical and pathological features. Fever and cough were the most common symptoms of both diseases, while myalgia and diarrhea were less common in patients with COVID-19. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was the most ...

Ref: [Comparison of clinical and pathological features between severe acute respiratory syndrome and coronavirus disease 2019] [Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi, 2020]

COVID-19 patients often present with varied flu-like onset symptoms that can include fever, myalgia, and dry cough.

... due to its high transmissibility and viral shedding properties ( Table 1 ) (2) . COVID-19 patients often present with varied flu-like onset symptoms that can include fever, myalgia, and dry cough. Mild manifestations and asymptomatic infections are common among immunocompetent individuals and children, and these individuals ...

Ref: The Comparative Immunological Characteristics of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Infections [Front Immunol, 2020-08-14]

Leukocytes are the main immune cells to fight against pathogens,

... infants and young children, and very few young patients have developed severe COVID-19 (6) . Leukocytes are the main immune cells to fight against pathogens, and the total leukocyte count is higher in young children than in adults (7) . ...

Ref: The Metabolic Changes and Immune Profiles in Patients With COVID-19 [Front Immunol, 2020-08-28]

acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging coronavirus causing respiratory disease commonly known as COVID-19.

... Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging coronavirus causing respiratory disease commonly known as COVID-19. This novel coronavirus transmits from human to human and has caused profound morbidity and mortality worldwide leading to the ongoing pandemic. Moreover, disease severity differs considerably from individual to ...

Ref: Investigating Virological, Immunological, and Pathological Avenues to Identify Potential Targets for Developing COVID-19 Treatment and Prevention Strategies. [Vaccines, 2020-08-06]

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can result in a wide range of clinical outcomes in humans,

... The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can result in a wide range of clinical outcomes in humans, from asymptomatic or mild disease to severe disease that can require mechanical ventilation An incomplete understanding of immune correlates of protection represents a major barrier to the design of vaccines ...

Ref: Baseline T cell immune phenotypes predict virologic and disease control upon SARS-CoV infection [bioRxiv, 2020]

Steroid, proteasome, and tryptophan metabolisms are linked to viral infections and subsequent host immune response [21] [22] [23] .

... been linked to the severity of COVID-19 as possible mechanisms driving disease outcomes 20 . Steroid, proteasome, and tryptophan metabolisms are linked to viral infections and subsequent host immune response [21] [22] [23] . Moreover, monocyte and macrophage activation has been linked to the hyperin ammatory phenotypes in SARS-CoV-2 ...

Ref: In silico Drug Repurposing to combat COVID-19 based on Pharmacogenomics of Patient Transcriptomic Data [Res Sq, 2020-06-30]

igniting an unprecedented effort from the scientific community to understand the biological underpinning of COVID19 pathophysiology.

... caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide, igniting an unprecedented effort from the scientific community to understand the biological underpinning of COVID19 pathophysiology. In this Review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of innate and adaptive immune ...

Ref: cord_uid w66gtl3b Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the S... w66gtl3b Immunology of COVID-19: Current State of the S... Name: title, dtype: object [Res Sq, cord_uid w66gtl3b 2020 w66gtl3b 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]

Genetically determined complement dysfunction may account for aberrant activation of innate immunity in severe patients with COVID-19,

... and deeper investigation of the genetic and immunological mechanisms that could contribute to tissue damage. Genetically determined complement dysfunction may account for aberrant activation of innate immunity in severe patients with COVID-19, and age-related changes in the expression and function of complement proteins as well as sex-related ...

Ref: Could severe COVID-19 be considered a complementopathy? [Lupus Sci Med, 2020-05-19]

High levels of IL-6 and IL-8 during treatment were observed in patients with severe or critical disease and correlated with decreased lymphocyte count.

... the reduced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts upon admission, was predictive of disease progression. High levels of IL-6 and IL-8 during treatment were observed in patients with severe or critical disease and correlated with decreased lymphocyte count. The determinants of disease severity seemed to stem mostly from host factors such as age, ...

Ref: Viral and host factors related to the clinical outcome of COVID-19. [Nature, 2020-05-20]

Occasional zoonotic viral attacks on immunologically naive populations result in massive death tolls that are capable of threatening human survival.

... Occasional zoonotic viral attacks on immunologically naive populations result in massive death tolls that are capable of threatening human survival. Currently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the infectious agent that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has spread from its epicenter in Wuhan China to all parts of the globe. ...

Ref: Immuno-epidemiology and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [J Mol Med (Berl), 2020]

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly present with the pulmonary symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath

... Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly present with the pulmonary symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath We present a case of an 83 years old patient with COVID-19 who presented with only gastrointestinal symptoms without respiratory complaints Our case raises the concern regarding our current lack ...

Ref: Case of COVID-19 presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms [World journal of virology, 2020]

In the early stage of COVID-19, the total number of peripheral blood leucocytes was normal or decreased and the lymphocyte count was decreased.

... In the early stage of COVID-19, the total number of peripheral blood leucocytes was normal or decreased and the lymphocyte count was decreased. In some patients, liver enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), muscle enzyme, aspartate transaminase level and myoglobin were increased. 53 The numbers of helper T cells, suppressor T cells and regulatory T ...

Ref: Scientific research progress of COVID‐19/SARS‐CoV‐2 in the first five months [J Cell Mol Med, 2020-05-07]

COVID-19 is a lower respiratory tract disease-causing primarily mild-to-moderate symptoms,

... days 6 . On average, disease symptoms develop within 11.5 days of the incubation period. COVID-19 is a lower respiratory tract disease-causing primarily mild-to-moderate symptoms, including fever, dry or productive cough, dyspnea, fatigue, sore throat, headache 7 myalgia and/or arthralgia ...

Ref: SARS-CoV-2: A Piece of Bad News [Medeni Med J, 2020-06-30]

A recent genetic association study1 identified a gene cluster on chromosome 3 as a risk locus for respiratory failure after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

... A recent genetic association study1 identified a gene cluster on chromosome 3 as a risk locus for respiratory failure after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A separate study (COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative)2 comprising 3,199 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and control individuals showed that this cluster is the major genetic risk factor ...

Ref: The major genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19 is inherited from Neanderthals [Nature (Lond.), 2020]

understanding the fundamental physiological and immunological processes underlying the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is vital for the identification and rational design of effective therapies.

... of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Alongside investigations into the virology of SARS-CoV-2, understanding the fundamental physiological and immunological processes underlying the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 is vital for the identification and rational design of effective therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We describe the interaction ...

Ref: cord_uid 7o01f7hk The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammatio... 7o01f7hk The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammatio... Name: title, dtype: object [Nature (Lond.), cord_uid 7o01f7hk 2020 7o01f7hk 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]

display early recruitment of B cells expressing a limited subset of IGHV genes,

... infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who develop coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) display early recruitment of B cells expressing a limited subset of IGHV genes, progressing to a highly polyclonal response of B cells with broader IGHV gene usage and ...

Ref: Human B Cell Clonal Expansion and Convergent Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 [Cell Host Microbe, 2020]

COVID-19 is a complex disease involving viral characteristics, and both innate and adapted immune responses,

... medicine for patients with COVID-19. Comorbidities, environmental and inheritance/genetic factors may all influence COVID-19 susceptibility. COVID-19 is a complex disease involving viral characteristics, and both innate and adapted immune responses, and as a consequence a high number of putative effectors. Identifying the reasons for these ...

Ref: Host/genetic factors associated with COVID-19 call for precision medicine [Precis Clin Med, 2020-07-21]

COVID-19 related inflammation, TMPRSS2, and prostate cancer:

... COVID-19 related inflammation, TMPRSS2, and prostate cancer: Recurrent gene arrangements are common in prostate cancer, and catastrophic chromosome rearrangements are a hallmark of prostate carcinogenesis [101] [102] [103] [104] . Recent studies have shown that inflammation-induced oxidative ...

Ref: Sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and the potential link to prostate cancer [Commun Biol, 2020-07-08]

Worldwide COVID-19 epidemiology data indicate clear differences in disease incidence among sex and age groups.

... Worldwide COVID-19 epidemiology data indicate clear differences in disease incidence among sex and age groups. Specifically, male patients are at a higher death risk than females. However, whether this difference is the consequence of a pre-existing sex-bias in immune genes or a differential response to ...

Ref: Transcriptional differences for COVID-19 Disease Map genes between males and females indicate a different basal immunophenotype relevant to the disease [bioRxiv, 2020-10-01]

Patients with severe COVID-19 present with hemostatic abnormalities that mimic disseminated intravascular coagulopathy associated with sepsis,

... thrombotic complications in patients with COVID-19 are common and contribute to organ failure and mortality. Patients with severe COVID-19 present with hemostatic abnormalities that mimic disseminated intravascular coagulopathy associated with sepsis, with the major difference being increased risk of thrombosis rather than bleeding. However, whether severe ...

Ref: Platelet gene expression and function in patients with COVID-19 [Blood, 2020-09-10]

COVID-19 consists of a spectrum of clinical syndromes ranging from mild, flu-like illness to severe pneumonia.

... COVID-19 consists of a spectrum of clinical syndromes ranging from mild, flu-like illness to severe pneumonia. Inflammation is thought to underpin severe COVID-19, as laboratory in-vestigations have also found elevated plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1b), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor ...

Ref: A Dynamic Immune Response Shapes COVID-19 Progression [Cell Host Microbe, 2020-04-30]

the need to identify genetic risk factors for susceptibility to this serious illness has emerged Host genetic factors,

... rapidly emerged as a pandemic affecting nearly all countries worldwide As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, the need to identify genetic risk factors for susceptibility to this serious illness has emerged Host genetic factors, along with other risk factors may help determine susceptibility to respiratory tract infections It is ...

Ref: Role of Genetic Variants and Gene Expression in the Susceptibility and Severity of COVID-19 [Ann Lab Med, nan]

Early in the pandemic, we observed markedly elevated factor V activity in a patient with COVID-19,

... acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Yet, the mechanisms are unclear and biomarkers are limited. Early in the pandemic, we observed markedly elevated factor V activity in a patient with COVID-19, which led us to measure factor V, VIII, and X activity in a cohort of ...

Ref: Marked factor V activity elevation in severe COVID-19 is associated with venous thromboembolism [Am. j. hematol, 2020]

Males are disproportionately affected by severe disease and death from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

... Males are disproportionately affected by severe disease and death from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In their recent article, Takahashi et al. found sex differences in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and the predictors of disease progression. These findings contribute to elucidating the mechanisms that underlie ...

Ref: Sex-biased Immune Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection [Trends Microbiol, 2020-10-10]

using overlapping peptide pools and induced CD154 and CD137 co-expression as a readout for antiviral CD4 T cells.

... on S-specific CD4 T cell responses in 18 patients with mild, severe or critical COVID-19 using overlapping peptide pools and induced CD154 and CD137 co-expression as a readout for antiviral CD4 T cells. Such cells were present in 83% of cases and presented with enhanced CD38, HLA-DR and ...

Ref: Immunology of COVID-19: current state of the science [Immunity, 2020-05-06]

Emerging genetic and clinical evidence suggests similarities between COVID-19 patients and those with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome.

... Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Emerging genetic and clinical evidence suggests similarities between COVID-19 patients and those with severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Hematological changes such as lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia are not rare in COVID-19 patients, and a smaller population of ...

Ref: Mechanisms involved in the development of thrombocytopenia in patients with COVID-19 [Thromb Res, 2020]

Variations at two loci in the human genome were associated with an increased risk of respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19;

... first to document a statistically significant association between genetic variants and severe COVID-19 [62] . Variations at two loci in the human genome were associated with an increased risk of respiratory failure in patients with COVID-19; one, J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o ...

Ref: On the genetics and immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 [Clin Immunol, 2020-09-10]

A successful global healthcare response relies on versatile vaccines and production of broadly virus-neutralizing antibodies by the immune system to protect us from emerging infectious diseases.

... A successful global healthcare response relies on versatile vaccines and production of broadly virus-neutralizing antibodies by the immune system to protect us from emerging infectious diseases. The present 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic highlights the urgent need for development of anti-viral biodefense. Due to the genetic and proteomic diversities of viral pathogens, establishing ...

Ref: Coronaviruses' sugar shields as vaccine candidates. [Current trends in immunology, 2020]

Coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that cause severe respiratory, enteric, and systemic infections in a vast range of hosts,

... Coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that cause severe respiratory, enteric, and systemic infections in a vast range of hosts, including man, fish, mammals, and avian. Scientific interest has heightened on coronaviruses after the emergence of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). This review provides current perspectives on morphology, genetic diversity, ...

Ref: Current perspective on diagnosis, epidemiological assessment, prevention strategies, and potential therapeutic interventions for severe acute respiratory infections caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). [Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2020-09-03]

In COVID-19 patients, a large number of T lymphocytes and mononuclear macrophages are activated, producing IL-6.

... and MERS-CoV patients and suggested to play a role in diseases severity [25, 26] . In COVID-19 patients, a large number of T lymphocytes and mononuclear macrophages are activated, producing IL-6. Thereafter, IL-6 binds to the IL-6 receptor on the target cells, which causes the cytokine-storm ...

Ref: COVID-19 and coronaviral hepatitis: evidence of collateral damage [Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2020-06-12]

We have also provided information about the classification, genome, proteins, clinical presentation of COVID-19,

... review provides an outline about emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 from Wuhan, China in 2019-2020. We have also provided information about the classification, genome, proteins, clinical presentation of COVID-19, type of clinical specimens to be collected and diagnostic methods adopted to identify the respiratory ...

Ref: Emergence of deadly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 during 2019-2020 [Virusdisease, 2020]

The COVID-19 may alter immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface, and affect the well-being of mothers and infants.

... vertical transmission of the virus, but an increased prevalence of preterm deliveries has been noticed. The COVID-19 may alter immune responses at the maternal-fetal interface, and affect the well-being of mothers and infants. In this review, we focused on the reason why pregnant women are more susceptible to ...

Ref: Why are pregnant women susceptible to COVID-19? An immunological viewpoint [J Reprod Immunol, 2020]

our study prioritized hematologic processes as the downstream pathophysiology of a major genetic locus of severe COVID-19.

... of the risk variant may be different under the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further studies are needed to examine its functional effects in patients and to identify the most relevant tissue. Nonetheless, our study prioritized hematologic processes as the downstream pathophysiology of a major genetic locus of severe COVID-19. ...

Ref: Altered blood cell traits underlie a major genetic locus of severe COVID-19 [J Reprod Immunol, 2020-09-10]

Underlying medical conditions and environmental factors contribute higher incidence in some populations and a genetic predisposition may play a role for severe cases with respiratory failure.

... As such morbidity and mortality vary significantly around the globe between populations and ethnic groups. Underlying medical conditions and environmental factors contribute higher incidence in some populations and a genetic predisposition may play a role for severe cases with respiratory failure. Here we investigated whether genetic variation in the key genes for viral entry to host ...

Ref: A survey of genetic variants in SARS-CoV-2 interacting domains of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and TLR3/7/8 across populations [Infect Genet Evol, 2020]

We characterize the differences between adequate innate and adaptive immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multi-organ disease.

... associated with the SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development and progression to the most severe forms. We characterize the differences between adequate innate and adaptive immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multi-organ disease. The similarities of the human immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are ...

Ref: Immunology of COVID-19: mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics and perspectives - a report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) [Allergy, 2020]

SARS-CoV-2 infection has recently been declared a pandemic. Some patients showing severe symptoms exhibit drastic inflammation and airway damage.

... SARS-CoV-2 infection has recently been declared a pandemic. Some patients showing severe symptoms exhibit drastic inflammation and airway damage. In this study, we re-analyzed published scRNA-seq data of COVID-19 patient bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to further classify and compare immunological features according to the patient’s disease severity. Patients with severe ...

Ref: Re-analysis of Single Cell Transcriptome Reveals That the NR3C1-CXCL8-Neutrophil Axis Determines the Severity of COVID-19 [Front Immunol, 2020-08-28]

Increased antibody-secreting cells, follicular T-helper cells, activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells

... to clinical and virological features of a patient with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) requiring hospitalisation. Increased antibody-secreting cells, follicular T-helper cells, activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and IgM/IgG SARS-CoV-2-binding antibodies were detected in blood, prior to symptomatic recovery. These immunological changes ...

Ref: Breadth of concomitant immune responses underpinning viral clearance and patient recovery in a non-severe case of COVID-19 [Front Immunol, 2020-02-23]

SARS CoV‐1 and 2 share almost 80% of genetic sequences and use the same host cell receptor to initiate viral infection.

... SARS CoV‐1, which was responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2002. SARS CoV‐1 and 2 share almost 80% of genetic sequences and use the same host cell receptor to initiate viral infection. However, SARS predominantly affected individuals in close contact with infected animals and health care workers. ...

Ref: How did we get here? A short history of COVID‐19 and other coronavirus‐related epidemics [Head Neck, 2020-05-23]

Both humoral and cellular immune responses are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease,

... factors and immune mechanisms contribute to the deteriorating effects on the organism during SARS-CoV-2 infection Both humoral and cellular immune responses are involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, where the principal and effective immune response towards viral infection is the cell-mediated immunity The ...

Ref: Immunological aspects of COVID-19: What do we know? [World J Biol Chem, 2020]

Because of its recent emergence, there is paucity of knowledge on viral pathogenesis and host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.

... caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created an unprecedented global health crisis. Because of its recent emergence, there is paucity of knowledge on viral pathogenesis and host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. Most of the currently published research has explored either the host immune response (i.e., host ...

Ref: Establishing a Unified COVID-19 “Immunome”: Integrating Coronavirus Pathogenesis and Host Immunopathology [Front Immunol, 2020-07-03]

There is an urgent public health need to better understand Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2/COVID-19,

... There is an urgent public health need to better understand Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2/COVID-19, particularly how sequences of the viruses could lead to diverse incidence and mortality of COVID-19 in different countries. However, because of its unknown ancestors and hosts, elucidating the genetic variations ...

Ref: Origin-independent analysis links SARS-CoV-2 local genomes with COVID-19 incidence and mortality [Brief. bioinform, 2020]

Since 1950, genetic and molecular studies have provided an immunological basis for inherited predispositions to infectious diseases.

... Since 1950, genetic and molecular studies have provided an immunological basis for inherited predispositions to infectious diseases. Patient-and family-based studies led to the discovery of autosomal recessive neutropenia and X-linked recessive agammaglobulinemia. ...

Ref: A global effort to define the human genetics of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection [Cell, 2020-05-13]

We collect the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs of 63 subjects with severe symptoms or contacts with COVID-19 confirmed cases

... We collect the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs of 63 subjects with severe symptoms or contacts with COVID-19 confirmed cases to perform a pilot-study aimed to verify the “in situ” expression of SARS-CoV-2 host invasion genes (ACE2, TMPRSS2, PCSK3, EMILIN1, EMILIN2, MMRN1, MMRN2, DPP4) ACE2 (FC = +1 88, p ...

Ref: Expression profiles of the SARS-CoV-2 host invasion genes in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs of COVID-19 patients [Heliyon, 2020]

this disease agitates the immune system of an individual quite disturbingly which at times leads to death,

... as COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-19) Being one of the most severe diseases in terms of transmission, this disease agitates the immune system of an individual quite disturbingly which at times leads to death, which is why it has become the need of the hour to step forward to ...

Ref: Host Immune Response and Immunobiology of Human SARS-CoV-2 Infection [Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutics, 2020]

Elevated secretion of cytokines,

... cytokine production resulting in a cytokine storm is believed to be associated with disease severity. Elevated secretion of cytokines, particularly IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IP-10, GCSF, MCP-1, MIP1α and TNFα were found in severe COVID-19 ...

Ref: Spiking Pandemic Potential: Structural and Immunological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 [Trends Microbiol, 2020-05-20]

The clinical features of COVID-19, such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, and fatigue,

... remains a mystery, SARS-CoV-2 may have originated in an animal reservoir, likely that of bat. The clinical features of COVID-19, such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, and fatigue, are similar to those of many acute respiratory infections. There is currently no specific treatment ...

Ref: The hallmarks of COVID-19 disease [PLoS Pathog, 2020]

AIHA is characterized by the destruction of red cells by autoantibodies,

... describing autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (1, 2). AIHA is characterized by the destruction of red cells by autoantibodies, but the mechanism underpinning autoimmunity in COVID-19 patients has yet to be elucidated. ...

Ref: Is molecular mimicry the culprit in the autoimmune haemolytic anaemia affecting patients with COVID‐19? [Br J Haematol, 2020-06-08]

Understanding innate immune responses in COVID-19 is important for deciphering mechanisms of host responses and interpreting disease pathogenesis.

... Understanding innate immune responses in COVID-19 is important for deciphering mechanisms of host responses and interpreting disease pathogenesis. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate effector lymphocytes that respond to acute viral infections, but might also contribute to immune pathology. Here, using 28-color flow cytometry, we describe a state ...

Ref: Natural killer cell activation related to clinical outcome of COVID-19 [Br J Haematol, 2020-07-10]

SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells and antibodies were characterized in patients with different COVID-19 related disease severity.

... Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 differ in the severity of disease. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells and antibodies were characterized in patients with different COVID-19 related disease severity. Despite severe lymphopenia affecting all major lymphocyte subpopulations, patients with severe disease mounted significantly higher levels of ...

Ref: High levels of SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells with restricted functionality in patients with severe course of COVID-19 [Br J Haematol, 2020-07-09]

Patients may have particular predisposition to SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe illness,

... host characteristics which make patients prone to untoward complications and unfavorable outcomes (14, 27) . Patients may have particular predisposition to SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe illness, possibly variations in their immunological and inflammatory responses possibly mediated in at least in part ...

Ref: ''Determining Host Factors Contributing to Disease Severity in a Family Cluster of 29 Hospitalized SARS‐CoV‐2 Patients: Could Genetic Factors Be Relevant in the Clinical Course of COVID‐19?'' [J Med Virol, 2020-06-03]

COVID-19 has caused a large global pandemic Patients with COVID-19 exhibited considerable variation in disease behavior

... OBJECTIVES: COVID-19 has caused a large global pandemic Patients with COVID-19 exhibited considerable variation in disease behavior Pervious genome-wide association studies have identified potential genetic variants involved in the risk and prognosis of COVID-19, but the underlying biological interpretation remains largely unclear METHODS: We applied the ...

Ref: Mendelian randomization analysis identified genes pleiotropically associated with the risk and prognosis of COVID-19 [medRxiv : preprint server for health sciences, 2020]

In pig studies, variants (both naturally-occurring and experimentally-induced) have been shown to have varying effects on different coronaviruses.

... In pig studies, variants (both naturally-occurring and experimentally-induced) have been shown to have varying effects on different coronaviruses. For example, aminopeptidase N, encoded by ANPEP (also called APN) was reported as a functional receptor for TGEV and PEDV (as well as HCoV-229E), but multiple models, including CRISPR/Cas9-generated knock-outs, ...

Ref: The Role of Host Genetic Factors in Coronavirus Susceptibility: Review of Animal and Systematic Review of Human Literature [Am J Hum Genet, 2020-08-12]

Here, we comprehensively analyzed peripheral blood immune perturbations in 42 SARS-CoV-2 infected and recovered individuals.

... illness has been associated with SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperinflammation, the immune correlates of severe COVID-19 remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively analyzed peripheral blood immune perturbations in 42 SARS-CoV-2 infected and recovered individuals. We identified broad changes in neutrophils, NK cells, and monocytes during severe COVID-19, suggesting excessive ...

Ref: Immunologic perturbations in severe COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection [bioRxiv, 2020-05-18]

The downregulation of ACE2 further activates an immunological cascade.

... system. ACE2 deteriorates angiotensin II, a peptide that is responsible for the promotion of stroke. The downregulation of ACE2 further activates an immunological cascade. Thus, researchers need to explore and examine the possible links between COVID-19 and ischemic stroke ...

Ref: Cross-Talk Between Key Players in Patients with COVID-19 and Ischemic Stroke: A Review on Neurobiological Insight of the Pandemic [Mol Neurobiol, 2020]

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 manifests as a range of symptoms.

... COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 manifests as a range of symptoms. Understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for immuno-pathogenesis of disease is important for treatment and management of COVID-19. We examined host transcriptomes in moderate and severe COVID-19 cases with a view ...

Ref: Transcriptomic profiling of disease severity in patients with COVID-19 reveals role of blood clotting and vasculature related genes [Mol Neurobiol, 2020-06-22]

In severe COVID-19 cases, around 16%-49% of cases were associated with thrombotic and coagulation complications [79, 80] .

... In severe COVID-19 cases, around 16%-49% of cases were associated with thrombotic and coagulation complications [79, 80] . NF-kB regulators are also involved in coagulation and thrombotic processes, specifically in platelets, endothelial cells, neutrophils, and NETs [81] . Reports suggest elevated levels of blood neutrophils and reduced platelets ...

Ref: Can data from paediatric cohorts solve the COVID-19 puzzle? [PLoS Pathog, 2020-09-09]

critical illness has been associated with SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperinflammation, the immune correlates of severe COVID-19 remain unclear.

... Although critical illness has been associated with SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperinflammation, the immune correlates of severe COVID-19 remain unclear. Here, we comprehensively analyzed peripheral blood immune perturbations in 42 SARS-CoV-2 infected and recovered individuals. We identified broad changes in neutrophils, NK cells, and monocytes during severe COVID-19, suggesting ...

Ref: Immunologic perturbations in severe COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection [bioRxiv, 2020-05-18]

Asthma, chronic lung disorder and cardiovascular disease are the main three health disorders for those infected with COVID-19.

... trials have found that the concentration of visceral fat is more strongly related to different health problems, such as coronary disorders, insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes mellitus [2] . Asthma, chronic lung disorder and cardiovascular disease are the main three health disorders for those infected with COVID-19. ...

Ref: Obesity, COVID-19 and immunotherapy: the complex relationship! [Immunotherapy, 2020-07-17]

This article focused on SARS-COV-2 S gene in order to characterize viral mutations

... This article focused on SARS-COV-2 S gene in order to characterize viral mutations In an attempt to understand the relevance of D614G substitution among COVID-19 patients in Hong Kong, full length S gene sequences from severe and non-severe cases were examined From 21 ...

Ref: The D614G substitution in the S gene and clinical information for patients with COVID-19 detected in Hong Kong. (Special Section: Coronavirus.) [Journal of Clinical Virology, 2020]

the immunologic basis of the human body response after infection with SARSCoV2 has been reviewed with discussions on both innate and adaptive immunity.

... pandemic is one of the greatest global challenges for the health system. In this review, the immunologic basis of the human body response after infection with SARSCoV2 has been reviewed with discussions on both innate and adaptive immunity. Due to the relatively short time after appearance of the problem, the currently available evidence ...

Ref: The immunologic basis of COVID-19: A clinical approach [J. Cell. Mol. Anesth., 2020]

There is an urgent need to investigate how the adaptive immunity is established in COVID-19 patients.

... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected more than eight million people. There is an urgent need to investigate how the adaptive immunity is established in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we profiled adaptive immune cells of PBMCs from recovered COVID-19 patients with ...

Ref: Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe versus mild individuals. [Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2020-08-14]