¿Cuáles son las interacciones entre las respuestas inmunes innatas y adaptativas en la covid-19?
(What are the interactions between innate and adaptive immune responses in covid‐19?)
Primeras 5 respuestas:
-
The interaction between host innate and adaptive immune responses was found to be a potential cause for the higher severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
-
Mounting evidence supports the importance of mucosal immunity in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
-
A dysregulated immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus plays a critical role in severe COVID-19.
-
These responses are responsible for viral clearance.
-
The immune response to viral infections is a multi-step, precisely coordinated process, which results in viral clearance through initial innate and later adaptive immune mechanisms.
The interaction between host innate and adaptive immune responses was found to be a potential cause for the higher severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
... using the well-studied influenza viruses and then compared the pathogenesis processes between the two viruses. The interaction between host innate and adaptive immune responses was found to be a potential cause for the higher severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Specifically, the timing mismatch between the two immune responses has a major impact on disease ...
Ref: Mathematical modeling of interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses in COVID-19 and implications for viral pathogenesis [J. med. virol, 2020]Mounting evidence supports the importance of mucosal immunity in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
... Mounting evidence supports the importance of mucosal immunity in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. Active virus replication in the upper respiratory tract for the first days of infection open a new perspective in immunological strategies to counteract viral pathogenicity. An effective mucosal innate immune ...
Ref: Oromucosal immunomodulation as clinical spectrum mitigating factor in SARS-CoV-2 infection. [Scandinavian journal of immunology, 2020-09-06]A dysregulated immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus plays a critical role in severe COVID-19.
... A dysregulated immune response against the SARS-CoV-2 virus plays a critical role in severe COVID-19. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which the virus causes lethal immunopathology are poorly understood. Here, we utilize multi-omics single-cell analysis to probe dynamic immune responses in patients with ...
Ref: Single-Cell Omics Reveals Dyssynchrony of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System in Progressive COVID-19 [Scandinavian journal of immunology, 2020-07-17]These responses are responsible for viral clearance.
... of death to patients (2) . SARS-CoV-2 infection activates both innate and adaptive immune responses. These responses are responsible for viral clearance. In addition to neutralizing and eliminating the virus, the immune response may cause harmful tissue ...
Ref: Mechanistic modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 and immune system interplay unravels design principles for diverse clinicopathological outcomes [bioRxiv, 2020-05-16]The immune response to viral infections is a multi-step, precisely coordinated process, which results in viral clearance through initial innate and later adaptive immune mechanisms.
... The immune response to viral infections is a multi-step, precisely coordinated process, which results in viral clearance through initial innate and later adaptive immune mechanisms. This has been modeled mathematically to a high level of precision using ordinary differential equations. 57 58 59 The immune system behaves like a dynamical system when both T cells ...
Ref: Immunological determinants of clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A quantitative perspective [bioRxiv, 2020-05-13]Coronaviruses are adept at evading and/or antagonizing double-stranded RNA-induced host antiviral pathways,
... Coronaviruses are adept at evading and/or antagonizing double-stranded RNA-induced host antiviral pathways, including interferon signaling, OAS-RNase L and PKR while robust cytokine responses characterize severe coronavirus disease Knowledge of how newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 interacts with these pathways is minimal SARS-CoV-2 readily infects ...
Ref: SARS-CoV-2 induces double-stranded RNA-mediated innate immune responses in respiratory epithelial derived cells and cardiomyocytes [bioRxiv, 2020]Innate immune sensing of viral molecular patterns is essential for development of antiviral responses.
... Innate immune sensing of viral molecular patterns is essential for development of antiviral responses. Like many viruses, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved strategies to circumvent innate immune detection, including low cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) levels in the genome, glycosylation to shield essential elements including the receptor-binding domain, RNA ...
Ref: Innate immunity during SARS-CoV-2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage [Clin. exp. immunol, 2020]They play an important role that involves the innate and adaptive immune response, in eradication of viral infection.
... as they are the first cells of the immune system to detect the virus in tissues of respiratory tract and migrate to peripheral lymphoid tissues, to initiate adaptive immune responses. They play an important role that involves the innate and adaptive immune response, in eradication of viral infection. ...
Ref: Immune response in SARS-CoV-2 infection: the role of interferons type I and type III [Braz J Infect Dis, 2020-08-26]Dendritic cells and macrophages are sentinel cells for innate and adaptive immunity that affect the pathogenesis of SARS and MERS.
... vary from asymptomatic virus shedding, non-specific pharyngitis, to pneumonia with silent hypoxia and respiratory failure. Dendritic cells and macrophages are sentinel cells for innate and adaptive immunity that affect the pathogenesis of SARS and MERS. However, the interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and these cell types remains unknown. Herein, we investigated the ...
Ref: Attenuated interferon and pro-inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2-infected human dendritic cells is associated with viral antagonism of STAT1 phosphorylation [J. infect. dis, 2020]Innate immune-mediated antiviral responses is initiated by the recognition of viral invasion through PAMPs In coronavirus
... immune responses and convalescent sera are the current two potential options to tackle COVID-19 infection Innate immune-mediated antiviral responses is initiated by the recognition of viral invasion through PAMPs In coronavirus the pathogen associated molecular patterns are recognized by toll like receptors (TLR-3 &7), endosomal ribonucleic ...
Ref: Innate Immune-mediated Antiviral Response to SARS-CoV-2 and Convalescent sera a potential Prophylactic and Therapeutic Agent to Tackle COVID-19 [Antibody Therapeutics, 2020]The interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and these cell types remains unknown.
... affect the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and these cell types remains unknown. We investigated infection and host responses of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and macrophages (MDMs) infected ...
Ref: cord_uid dfnw2d2z Attenuated Interferon and Proinflammatory Resp... dfnw2d2z Attenuated Interferon and Proinflammatory Resp... Name: title, dtype: object [Antibody Therapeutics, cord_uid dfnw2d2z 2020 dfnw2d2z 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]A phenomenon called cytokine storm activates violent immunological reactions in the lung tissue resulting in ARDS followed by multiple organ system damages in COVID-19 patients.
... patients resulting in destruction of type 2 pneumocytes hence inability to regenerate the alveolar epithelium. A phenomenon called cytokine storm activates violent immunological reactions in the lung tissue resulting in ARDS followed by multiple organ system damages in COVID-19 patients. Several immune evading mechanisms are thought to be employed by severe respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) ...
Ref: Immune status of COVID-19 patients with reference to SARS and MERS [J. Pure Appl. Microbiol., 2020]Innate immune responses and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression were investigated in human alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages.
... ex-vivo cultures of human conjunctiva (n=3) and in-vitro cultures of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines. Innate immune responses and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression were investigated in human alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. In-vitro studies included the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus (H5N1) and mock-infected cells as ...
Ref: Tropism, replication competence, and innate immune responses of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in human respiratory tract and conjunctiva: an analysis in ex-vivo and in-vitro cultures [Lancet Respir Med, 2020]Several studies highlight relevant changes occurring both in innate and adaptive immune system in COVID-19 patients.
... lead to tissue damage both at the site of virus entry and at systemic level. Several studies highlight relevant changes occurring both in innate and adaptive immune system in COVID-19 patients. In particular, the massive cytokine and chemokine release, the so-called "cytokine storm", clearly reflects a ...
Ref: Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2 [Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2020]The effectual host immune response including innate and adaptive immunity against SARS-Cov-2 seems crucial to control and resolve the viral infection.
... membrane, nucleocapsid and spike proteins that are responsible for the viral infectivity, and nonstructural proteins. The effectual host immune response including innate and adaptive immunity against SARS-Cov-2 seems crucial to control and resolve the viral infection. However, the severity and outcome of the COVID-19 might be associated with the excessive production ...
Ref: COVID-19, immune system response, hyperinflammation and repurposing antirheumatic drugs [Turk J Med Sci, 2020]A crosstalk between immune system, nervous system and coagulative-fibrinolytic pathways orchestrated by 'inflammatory mediators' regulate the response to inflammation.
Inflammation mechanisms are vital for the defence against pathogens. A crosstalk between immune system, nervous system and coagulative-fibrinolytic pathways orchestrated by "inflammatory mediators" regulate the response to inflammation.
Ref: Transcriptional response of signalling pathways to SARS-CoV-2 infection in normal human bronchial epithelial cells [bioRxiv, 2020-06-20]Whether antibodies are important for the adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be determined.
... acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide. Whether antibodies are important for the adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be determined. Here, 26 cases of COVID-19 in Jinan, China, were examined and shown to be mild ...
Ref: Long-term coexistence of SARS-CoV-2 with antibody response in COVID-19 patients [J. med. virol, 2020]This paper presents an evidence-based strategy for improving clinical outcomes in COVID-19.
... This paper presents an evidence-based strategy for improving clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Recommendations are based on the phases of the disease, because optimal interventions for one phase may not be appropriate for a different phase. The four phases addressed are: Prevention, Infection, ...
Ref: Evidence Supporting a Phased Immuno-physiological Approach to COVID-19 From Prevention Through Recovery. [Integrative medicine, 2020]Innate immunity cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells are activated after recognizing DAMPs or PAMPs through their pattern recognition receptor (PRRs).
... Innate immunity cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells are activated after recognizing DAMPs or PAMPs through their pattern recognition receptor (PRRs). This interaction trigger intracellular pathways that activates transcription factors and leads to cytokine, chemokine and adhesion molecule expression [21] . Viral PAMPs, specially viral RNA are sensed by immune system ...
Ref: Severe COVID-19: what have we learned with the immunopathogenesis? [Adv Rheumatol, 2020-09-22]Nitric oxide (NO) represents a key signaling molecule in multiple regulatory pathways underlying vascular, metabolic, immune, and neurological function across animal phyla.
... Nitric oxide (NO) represents a key signaling molecule in multiple regulatory pathways underlying vascular, metabolic, immune, and neurological function across animal phyla. Our brief critical discussion is focused on the multiple roles of the NO signaling pathways in the maintenance of basal physiological states of readiness in diverse cell types mediating innate ...
Ref: Potential Immunoregulatory and Antiviral/SARS-CoV-2 Activities of Nitric Oxide [Med Sci Monit, 2020]Despite immune evasion and subverting innate immune responses during early infection, SARS-CoV-2 effectively initiates immune signalling pathways.
... Despite immune evasion and subverting innate immune responses during early infection, SARS-CoV-2 effectively initiates immune signalling pathways. This is likely due to the increased viral load that exponentially produces viral RNA and viral proteins (pathogen associated molecular patterns -PAMPS), also induces cell damage that release damage associated ...
Ref: Innate immunity during SARS‐CoV‐2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage [Clin Exp Immunol, 2020-09-26]Interferon (IFN) production is a fundamental process involved in the innate immune response to viral infection.
... Interferon (IFN) production is a fundamental process involved in the innate immune response to viral infection. These soluble antiviral cytokines can induce upregulation of an array of intracellular effectors of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signal pathways, such ...
Ref: Induction of the Antiviral Immune Response and Its Circumvention by Coronaviruses [Viruses, 2020-09-18]We have identified significant interaction between ISGs and TLR3 agonists, like poly I: C, and imiquimod,
... OAS2) can be considered as potential candidates for drug targets in the treatments of COVID-19. We have identified significant interaction between ISGs and TLR3 agonists, like poly I: C, and imiquimod, and suggests that TLR3 agonists can be considered as a potential drug for drug repurposing ...
Ref: Targeting hub genes and pathways of innate immune response in COVID-19: A network biology perspective [Int J Biol Macromol, 2020]The natural history of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is extremely variable,
... The natural history of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is extremely variable, ranging from asymptomatic or mild infection, mainly in children, to multi-organ failure, eventually fatal, mainly in the eldest. We propose here the first model explaining how the outcome of first, ...
Ref: The first, holistic immunological model of COVID-19: Implications for prevention, diagnosis, and public health measures [Pediatr. allergy immunol, 2020]Given that inflammatory immune cells may induce severe lung injury, the involvement of immune factors in the pathogenesis of the disease cannot be overestimated.
... disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory-related disease induced by the newly emerged virus SARS-CoV-2. Given that inflammatory immune cells may induce severe lung injury, the involvement of immune factors in the pathogenesis of the disease cannot be overestimated. It has been demonstrated that coronaviruses (CoVs) have developed mechanisms of immune evasion, making them ...
Ref: Dysregulation of the immune system as a driver of the critical course of the novel coronavirus disease 2019. [Polish archives of internal medicine, 2020-07-06]To achieve a more efficient immune response, multiple methods could be applied,
... dysfunctional immune response and their contribution to the progression of the disease have been discussed. To achieve a more efficient immune response, multiple methods could be applied, including regulation of the immune response, augmentation of the immune system against the virus, inhibition ...
Ref: Immunobiology and immunotherapy of COVID-19: A clinically updated overview [J. cell. physiol, 2020]Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and other mycobacterial immunomodulators initiate robust type 1 immune responses and innate immune training,
... old friends" have potential utility for prevention of severe COVID-19 in a number of ways. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and other mycobacterial immunomodulators initiate robust type 1 immune responses and innate immune training, leading to tissue type 1 immune cell infiltration and elevated basal systemic type 1 inflammation ...
Ref: Mitigating Coronavirus Induced Dysfunctional Immunity for At-Risk Populations in COVID-19: Trained Immunity, BCG and “New Old Friends” [Front Immunol, 2020-09-04]Limited knowledge is available on the relationship between antigen-specific immune responses and COVID-19 disease severity.
... Limited knowledge is available on the relationship between antigen-specific immune responses and COVID-19 disease severity. We completed a combined examination of all three branches of adaptive immunity at the level of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell and neutralizing antibody responses in acute and convalescent ...
Ref: Antigen-Specific Adaptive Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in Acute COVID-19 and Associations with Age and Disease Severity [Cell, 2020]The difference between the female and male immune response to COVID-19 infection, and infections in general, is multifactorial.
... The difference between the female and male immune response to COVID-19 infection, and infections in general, is multifactorial. The well-known determiners of the immune response, such as X and Y chromosomes, sex hormones, and microbiota, are functionally interconnected and influence each other in shaping the organism"s immunity. We ...
Ref: The Role of Genetic Sex and Mitochondria in Response to COVID-19 Infection [Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 2020-06-19]The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against pathogens, including coronaviruses.
... The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against pathogens, including coronaviruses. SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are epidemic zoonotic coronaviruses that emerged at the beginning of the 21st century. The recently emerged virus SARS-CoV-2 is a novel strain of coronavirus that has caused ...
Ref: Coronaviruses: Innate Immunity, Inflammasome Activation, Inflammatory Cell Death, and Cytokines [Trends Immunol, 2020-10-15]It is well understood that the adaptive immune response to infectious agents includes a modulating suppressive component as well as an activating component.
... It is well understood that the adaptive immune response to infectious agents includes a modulating suppressive component as well as an activating component. We now show that the very early innate response also has an immunosuppressive component. Infected cells upregulate the CD47 "don"t eat me" signal, which slows the phagocytic uptake of dying ...
Ref: Upregulation of CD47 Is a Host Checkpoint Response to Pathogen Recognition [mBio (Online), 2020]Genomics-led researches are engaged in tracing virus expression pattern, and induced immune responses in human to develop effective vaccine against COVID-19.
... Genomics-led researches are engaged in tracing virus expression pattern, and induced immune responses in human to develop effective vaccine against COVID-19. In this study, targeted expression profiling and differential gene expression analysis of major histocompatibility complexes and innate immune system genes were performed through SARS-CoV-2 infected RNA-seq data of human cell ...
Ref: SARS-CoV-2 transcriptome analysis and molecular cataloguing of immunodominant epitopes for multi-epitope based vaccine design [Genomics, 2020]MiRNAs are key players in variety of biological processes that regulate differentiation, development and activation of immune cells in both innate and adaptive immunity.
... evolutionally conserved single-stranded RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by disrupting translation. MiRNAs are key players in variety of biological processes that regulate differentiation, development and activation of immune cells in both innate and adaptive immunity. We find 34 miRNAs for positive-sense viral RNA and 45 miRNAs for negative-sense that can ...
Ref: cord_uid 4gv1uxzb What is the potential function of microRNAs as... 4gv1uxzb What is the potential function of microRNAs as... Name: title, dtype: object [Genomics, cord_uid 4gv1uxzb 2020 4gv1uxzb 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]We studied phenotypic features of innate and adaptive immune cells, oxidative burst, phagocytosis and apoptosis.
... the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is a necessity for the development of effective treatment methods and vaccines. We studied phenotypic features of innate and adaptive immune cells, oxidative burst, phagocytosis and apoptosis. One hundred and three patients with COVID-19 grouped according to their clinical features as mild ...
Ref: Peripheral innate and adaptive immune cells during COVID-19: Functional neutrophils, pro-inflammatory monocytes and half-dead lymphocytes [Genomics, 2020-08-04]A growing body of evidence indicates sex differences in the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)1-5.
... A growing body of evidence indicates sex differences in the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)1-5. However, whether immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 differ between sexes, and whether such differences explain male susceptibility to COVID-19, is currently unknown. In this study, we examined sex differences in viral ...
Ref: Sex differences in immune responses that underlie COVID-19 disease outcomes. [Nature, 2020-08-26]The Innate cytokine responses, like Interferon(IFN) alpha/beta or IFN-gamma have roles in controlling and initiating downstream adaptive immune responses.
... The Innate cytokine responses, like Interferon(IFN) alpha/beta or IFN-gamma have roles in controlling and initiating downstream adaptive immune responses. 4 Interferon-alpha and beta are synthesized by most virally infected cells whereas IFN-γ is synthesized only by certain cells of the immune system like the natural killer (NK) cells, CD4 ...
Ref: Mesenchymal Stem Cells -Bridge Catalyst Between Innte And Adaptive Immunity In Covid 19 [Med Hypotheses, 2020-05-18]Interactions of siglecs with their ligands play an important role in modulating immune cell functions activities as their regulators.
... and some microbial pathogens improving the ability to avoid from immune system of vertebrate host. Interactions of siglecs with their ligands play an important role in modulating immune cell functions activities as their regulators. Therefore, while Siglecs helps immune cells to distinguish between self and non-self, non-self ligands of ...
Ref: Immunotherapy Approaches on Innate Immunity for SARS-Cov2. [Acta virologica, 2020-09-28]The future trajectory of the Covid-19 pandemic hinges on the dynamics of adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV2;
... The future trajectory of the Covid-19 pandemic hinges on the dynamics of adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV2; however, salient features of the immune response elicited by natural infection or vaccination are still uncertain. We use simple epidemiological models to explore estimates for the magnitude and timing of ...
Ref: Immune life history, vaccination, and the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 over the next 5 years. [Science, 2020-09-21]one clinical strategy involves supporting patient innate and adaptive immune responses early in the time course of illness,
... in a blunted antigen presentation, delaying and diminishing activation of the adaptive immune response Thus, one clinical strategy involves supporting patient innate and adaptive immune responses early in the time course of illness, with the goal of improving the timeliness, readiness, and robustness of both the innate and ...
Ref: cord_uid tcuaizl3 Evidence Supporting a Phased Immuno-physiologi... tcuaizl3 Evidence Supporting a Phased Immuno-physiologi... Name: title, dtype: object [Science, cord_uid tcuaizl3 2020 tcuaizl3 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]the suppressed antiviral innate immune response seems to be the primary cause of the delayed critical cascade of uncontrolled immune events leading to fulminant systemic inflammation.
... a consequence of massive SARSCoV2 replication rather than inappropriate hyperresponsiveness of the immune system. Therefore, the suppressed antiviral innate immune response seems to be the primary cause of the delayed critical cascade of uncontrolled immune events leading to fulminant systemic inflammation. The occurrence of virus transmission even in asymptomatic individuals infected with SARSCoV2 clearly strengthens the ...
Ref: Dysregulation of the immune system as a driver of the critical course of novel coronavirus disease 2019 [Pol Arch Intern Med, 2020]The innate immune response is the first line of defense against a wide range of pathogens, particularly viruses.
... The innate immune response is the first line of defense against a wide range of pathogens, particularly viruses. Importantly, viral infection induces type I interferons (IFN) (IFNα/β) and type III IFNs (IFN-λ), which activate hundreds of antiviral proteins as well as mediate priming the adaptive immune response (Figure ...
Ref: Deciphering the Role of Host Genetics in Susceptibility to Severe COVID-19 [Front Immunol, 2020-06-30]Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 showed an early response of IgA, instead of IgM, in COVID-19 patients.
... Humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 showed an early response of IgA, instead of IgM, in COVID-19 patients. As highlighted by our study, enhanced IgA responses observed in severe COVID-19 might confer damaging effects in severe COVID-19. ...
Ref: Distinct features of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA response in COVID-19 patients [Eur Respir J, 2020-05-13]diligent efforts are made to understand its attributes and dynamics to help develop treatment and prevention measures.
... While COVID-19 continues to spread across the globe, diligent efforts are made to understand its attributes and dynamics to help develop treatment and prevention measures. The paradox pertaining to children being the least affected by severe illness poses exciting opportunities to investigate potential protective factors. In this ...
Ref: COVID-19 in children: could pertussis vaccine play the protective role? [Med Hypotheses, 2020-09-28]During virus infection, host toll-like receptors (TLRs) can recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns and trigger the innate immune response.
... During virus infection, host toll-like receptors (TLRs) can recognize different pathogen-associated molecular patterns and trigger the innate immune response. TLR7/8 can identify the single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) of the virus. This study aimed to search ssRNA sequences recognized by TLR7/8 from the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV whole genomes by a ...
Ref: Bioinformatic analysis and identification of single-stranded RNA sequences recognized by TLR7/8 in the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV genomes [Microbes Infect, 2020-04-30]A1, SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cells by binding the receptor for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).
... and immunotherapy strategy in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 involving innate and adaptive immunity. A1, SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cells by binding the receptor for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The infected cells then release interferon type I (IFN-α/β); innate immune cells respond to the ...
Ref: Immunopathology and immunotherapeutic strategies in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection [Rev Med Virol, 2020-07-09]Innate immune response is critical for the host defense against viral infection
... SARS-CoV-2 is highly pathogenic in human, having posed immeasurable public health challenges to the world. Innate immune response is critical for the host defense against viral infection and the dysregulation of the host innate immune responses probably aggravates SARS-CoV-2 infection, contributing to ...
Ref: The ORF6, ORF8 and nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 inhibit type I interferon signaling pathway [Virus Res, 2020]Vitamin D modulates innate and adaptive immunity via the expression of genes that code antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).
... whereas VDD is associated with inflammatory reactions and immune dysfunction, predisposing individuals to severe infections. Vitamin D modulates innate and adaptive immunity via the expression of genes that code antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). And the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)14, the co-receptor for epidermal toll-like receptor (TLR)4. ...
Ref: Vitamin D in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: Current Perspective and Future Prospects. [Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020-09-01]Here we have analyzed the dynamics of the adaptive immune response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 in severely affected COVID-19 patients,
... Here we have analyzed the dynamics of the adaptive immune response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 in severely affected COVID-19 patients, as reflected by activated B cells egressing into the blood, at the single cell level. Early on, before seroconversion in response to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, activated peripheral B cells displayed ...
Ref: In severe COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 induces a chronic, TGF-β-dominated adaptive immune response [Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020-09-08]We also describe host immune responses to highly pathogenic human coronaviruses in terms of innate and adaptive immunities.
... needs to be understood for the development of an efficient and safe vaccine. Here, we review the current understanding of vaccine targets and the status of vaccine development for COVID-19. We also describe host immune responses to highly pathogenic human coronaviruses in terms of innate and adaptive immunities. ...
Ref: Progress and Challenges in the Development of COVID-19 Vaccines and Current Understanding of SARS-CoV-2- Specific Immune Responses. [Journal of microbiology and biotechnology, 2020-06-16]The host immune response determines the clinical course of a viral infection, for example in case of COVID-19 infection.
... The host immune response determines the clinical course of a viral infection, for example in case of COVID-19 infection. The effectiveness of vaccination also depends on the induced immune response. Currently there is no method to measure the cellular immune response in blood samples. The functional activity of cells ...
Ref: Quantitative measurement of activity of JAK-STAT signaling pathways in blood samples and immune cells to predict innate and adaptive cellular immune response to viral infection and accelerate vaccine development [bioRxiv, 2020-05-15]The COVID-19 pandemic has forced us to consider the physiologic role of obesity in the response to infectious disease.
... The COVID-19 pandemic has forced us to consider the physiologic role of obesity in the response to infectious disease. There are significant disparities in morbidity and mortality by sex, weight and diabetes status. Numerous endocrine changes might drive these varied responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection including hormone and immune mediators, ...
Ref: The Collision of Meta-Inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Infection [Endocrinology, 2020-09-03]Neutrophils and platelets closely interact to fulfill their functions in innate immune responses (Kim and Jenne, 2016) .
... of COVID-19 Qin et al., 2020; Song et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020a) . Neutrophils and platelets closely interact to fulfill their functions in innate immune responses (Kim and Jenne, 2016) . The formation of neutrophil-platelet complexes facilitates recruitment of neutrophils to inflamed tissue (Sreeramkumar et al., ...
Ref: Devilishly radical NETwork in COVID-19: Oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and T cell suppression [Adv Biol Regul, 2020-07-04]The similarities of the human immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are underlined.
... immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multi-organ disease. The similarities of the human immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are underlined. We also summarize known and potential SARS-CoV-2 receptors on epithelial barriers, immune cells, endothelium and ...
Ref: Immunology of COVID-19: mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics and perspectives - a report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) [Allergy, 2020]The innate immune response against viral infection majorly depends on interferon (IFN) type I protein and its downstream signalling.
... The innate immune response against viral infection majorly depends on interferon (IFN) type I protein and its downstream signalling. During an antiviral response, the viral RNA is served as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecule (PAMP) and recognized by endosomal RNA receptor (TLR-3 and TLR-7) and cytosolic RNA sensor RIG-I/MDA5. ...
Ref: COVID-19 and its Therapeutics: Special Emphasis on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Based Therapy [Stem Cell Rev Rep, 2020-09-12]There is an urgent need to investigate how the adaptive immunity is established in COVID-19 patients.
... Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected more than eight million people. There is an urgent need to investigate how the adaptive immunity is established in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we profiled adaptive immune cells of PBMCs from recovered COVID-19 patients with ...
Ref: Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe versus mild individuals. [Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2020-08-14]Understanding immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is crucial to understanding disease pathogenesis and the usefulness of bridge therapies,
... Understanding immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is crucial to understanding disease pathogenesis and the usefulness of bridge therapies, such as hyperimmune globulin and convalescent human plasma, and to developing vaccines, antivirals, and monoclonal antibodies. A mere 11 months ago, the canvas we call COVID-19 was blank. Scientists around ...
Ref: SARS-CoV-2 immunity: review and applications to phase 3 vaccine candidates [Lancet, 2020-10-13]ensuring appropriate timing, location, quality, and quantity of a successful antiviral immune response.
... IFN-γ (Hurgin et al., 2002; Tilg et al., 1993) . Thus, immune homeostasis is achieved via crosstalk between molecules that is integrated within and across innate and adaptive immune cells, ensuring appropriate timing, location, quality, and quantity of a successful antiviral immune response. ...
Ref: Immune asynchrony in COVID-19 pathogenesis and potential immunotherapies [J Exp Med, 2020-09-10]Women, compared to men, are less susceptible to viral infections based on a different innate immunity, steroid hormones and factors related to sex chromosomes.
... differences between men and women in the immune response to CoV-19 infection and inflammatory diseases. Women, compared to men, are less susceptible to viral infections based on a different innate immunity, steroid hormones and factors related to sex chromosomes. The presence of two X chromosomes in women emphasize the immune system even if one ...
Ref: Coronavirus COV-19/SARS-CoV-2 affects women less than men: clinical response to viral infection [J Biol Regul Homeost Agents, 2020]The interaction between host innate and adaptive immune responses was found to be a potential cause for the higher severity and mortality in COVID‐19 patients.
... using the well‐studied influenza viruses and then compared the pathogenesis processes between the two viruses. The interaction between host innate and adaptive immune responses was found to be a potential cause for the higher severity and mortality in COVID‐19 patients. Specifically, the timing mismatch between the two immune responses has a major impact on disease ...
Ref: Mathematical modeling of interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses in COVID‐19 and implications for viral pathogenesis [J Med Virol, 2020-05-13]The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is strongly associated with a profound impact of host immune responses to the virus.
... The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is strongly associated with a profound impact of host immune responses to the virus. Severe respiratory distress syndrome is associated with a cytokine storm 10, 11 . Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, TNF-a, GM-CSF and IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, G-CSF and others have been detected ...
Ref: In-depth phenotyping of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in convalescent COVID-19 patients following a mild versus severe disease course [J Med Virol, 2020-05-25]Monocytes are capable of differentiating into macrophages and dendritic cells when activated by the innate immune response and are abundantly found in the serum and throughout the circulation.
... Monocytes are capable of differentiating into macrophages and dendritic cells when activated by the innate immune response and are abundantly found in the serum and throughout the circulation. Although no significant change in serum monocyte levels was observed in COVID-19 patients (48), morphological changes and the expression of inflammatoryrelated phenotypes in monocytes may be involved in disease aggravation. ...
Ref: The Comparative Immunological Characteristics of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus Infections [Front Immunol, 2020-08-14]During COVID-19 infection, host factors stimulate the immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
... COVID-19 infection, viral, and host-related factors are known to be crucial in the infection process. During COVID-19 infection, host factors stimulate the immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Meanwhile, it has to be considered that immunopathogenesis is correlated with an out-of-control immune response, ...
Ref: A contemporary review on pathogenesis and immunity of COVID-19 infection [Mol Biol Rep, 2020-06-29]The innate and adaptive immune system work in concert to respond to this virus,
... 131 In addition to location of spread, the timing seems to be of utmost importance. The innate and adaptive immune system work in concert to respond to this virus, and when this rhythm is disrupted, it can lead to unhampered viral spread and hyperinflammation, ...
Ref: Significant Unresolved Questions and Opportunities for Bioengineering in Understanding and Treating COVID-19 Disease Progression [Cell Mol Bioeng, 2020-07-27]The infection primarily activates two signaling cascades of innate immunity, the interferon and the NF-κB pathways [28] .
... that touch on pathogenesis or therapy. -2/COVID-19 and primary acute phase mediators (TNF, IL-1, IL-6) The infection primarily activates two signaling cascades of innate immunity, the interferon and the NF-κB pathways [28] . Consequently, serum and tissue levels of IL-1, TNF and IL-6 are elevated in COVID-19 patients ...
Ref: COVID‐19 and immunological regulations – from basic and translational aspects to clinical implications [J Dtsch Dermatol Ges, 2020-08-06]Antibodies from humoral immunity can link adaptive immunity and innate immunity through Fc receptor interactions, leading to inflammatory activation of macrophages.
... production of proinflammatory cytokines is associated with adverse outcomes, including lung injury, during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antibodies from humoral immunity can link adaptive immunity and innate immunity through Fc receptor interactions, leading to inflammatory activation of macrophages. Humoral immunity can also help promote viral clearance when targeted to appropriate parts of the ...
Ref: Principles Learned from the International Race to Develop a Safe and Effective COVID-19 Vaccine [ACS Cent Sci, 2020-07-21]While adaptive immune responses are essential for SARS-CoV-2 virus clearance,
... immune system of an individual results in a diverse clinical manifestation of the COVID-19 disease. While adaptive immune responses are essential for SARS-CoV-2 virus clearance, the innate immune cells, such as macrophages, may contribute, in some cases, to the disease ...
Ref: COVID-19 and the immune system. [Physiological research, 2020-05-29]COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality have been attributed to a pathologic host response.
... COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality have been attributed to a pathologic host response. Two divergent hypotheses have been proposed: hyperinflammatory cytokine storm; and failure of host protective immunity that results in unrestrained viral dissemination and organ injury. A key explanation for the inability ...
Ref: cord_uid dqsfz1se Severe immunosuppression and not a cytokine st... dqsfz1se Severe immunosuppression and not a cytokine st... Name: title, dtype: object [Physiological research, cord_uid dqsfz1se 2020 dqsfz1se 2020 Name: publish_time, dtype: object]The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against pathogens,
... ABSTRACT The innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against pathogens, including coronaviruses SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are epidemic zoonotic coronaviruses that emerged at the beginning of the 21st century The recently emerged virus SARS-CoV-2 is a novel strain of coronavirus ...
Ref: Coronaviruses: Innate Immunity, Inflammasome Activation, Inflammatory Cell Death, and Cytokines [Trends in Immunology, 2020]In COVID-19, the plasma concentration of sCD14 increases markedly with severity of illness [7] .
... strongly related to neutrophil and protein concentrations, two hallmarks of acute lung injury [6] . In COVID-19, the plasma concentration of sCD14 increases markedly with severity of illness [7] . The potential therapeutic relevance of CD14 is shown by antibody mediated inhibition of CD14, which ...
Ref: Targeting innate immunity by blocking CD14: Novel approach to control inflammation and organ dysfunction in COVID-19 illness [EBioMedicine, 2020-06-20]Intransal administration of LAIV produces a variety of adaptive immune responses, including serum antibodies and mucosal and cell-mediated immunity [20] .
... course of natural infections and thus induce a stronger immune response than IIV [19] . Intransal administration of LAIV produces a variety of adaptive immune responses, including serum antibodies and mucosal and cell-mediated immunity [20] . Based on data gathered by the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), a partnership ...
Ref: SARS-CoV-2 will constantly sweep its tracks: a vaccine containing CpG motifs in ‘lasso’ for the multi-faced virus [Inflamm Res, 2020-07-12]The Reactome pathway enrichment analysis for the SARS-CoV revealed S-glycoprotein connection with early activation of innate immune system,
... (FDR < 0.0001%) (Fig. 2) . The same analyses were conducted for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The Reactome pathway enrichment analysis for the SARS-CoV revealed S-glycoprotein connection with early activation of innate immune system, such as the Toll Like Receptor Cascade and TGF-β, with a strong significance (FDR < ...
Ref: COVID-19: viral–host interactome analyzed by network based-approach model to study pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection [J Transl Med, 2020-06-10]In patients with a dysfunctional bridge adaptive immunity, the innate immune response becomes exaggerated due to the lack of feedback from the adaptive immune cells.
... specific adaptive immune response to eliminate the virus and prevent the progress to severe stages. In patients with a dysfunctional bridge adaptive immunity, the innate immune response becomes exaggerated due to the lack of feedback from the adaptive immune cells. The resultant cytokine storm is responsible for the severe lung injury leading to acute respiratory ...
Ref: Mesenchymal stem cells-bridge catalyst between innate and adaptive immunity in COVID 19 [Med Hypotheses, 2020]Innate immune cells play a major role in anti-viral immunity, inflammatory signaling, and cytokine production.
Innate immune cells play a major role in anti-viral immunity, inflammatory signaling, and cytokine production. Among the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1
Ref: Coronaviruses: Innate Immunity, Inflammasome Activation, Inflammatory Cell Death, and Cytokines [Trends Immunol, 2020-10-15]young people present with a milder disease as they frequently clear the virus through an efficient adaptive immune response.
... T cells with a shrinkage of the T cell diversity repertoire. When infected by SARS-CoV-2, young people present with a milder disease as they frequently clear the virus through an efficient adaptive immune response. Indeed, antibody-secreting cells and follicular helper T cells are thought to be effectively activated in ...
Ref: Remodeling of the Immune Response With Aging: Immunosenescence and Its Potential Impact on COVID-19 Immune Response [Front Immunol, 2020]Studies of patients with severe COVID-19 disease have revealed the importance of innate immune responses in driving immunopathology and tissue injury.
... (SARS-CoV-2) infection, including hormone and immune mediators, hyperglycemia, leukocyte responses, cytokine secretion, and tissue dysfunction. Studies of patients with severe COVID-19 disease have revealed the importance of innate immune responses in driving immunopathology and tissue injury. In this review we will describe the impact of the metabolically induced inflammation (meta-inflammation) that ...
Ref: The Collision of Meta-Inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Infection [Endocrinology, 2020]The impact of host adaptive immune response on COVID-19 has now become a critical issue in absence of specific therapy and immunotherapies.
... The impact of host adaptive immune response on COVID-19 has now become a critical issue in absence of specific therapy and immunotherapies. In SARS CoV-2 infection, the immune response is thought to contribute both to the pathogenesis of the disease and to protection during its resolution. While mild cases develop an immune ...
Ref: [Adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2]. [Medecine sciences : M/S, 2020-09-22]The plasticity of the innate immune responses, recalled by the trained immunity, is a key component shaped by pivotal mediators such as IFN-I.
... some elements of the immune response are crucial for a positive outcome of viral infection. The plasticity of the innate immune responses, recalled by the trained immunity, is a key component shaped by pivotal mediators such as IFN-I. These cytokines put in place several molecular and cellular signaling, including the epigenetic reprogramming, to ...
Ref: Type I IFN-dependent antibody response at the basis of sex dimorphism in the outcome of COVID-19 [Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 2020-10-08]Pre-activation of the type I IFN signaling pathway primed a highly efficient antiviral response in the host against SARS-CoV-2 infection,
... both human lung and intestinal epithelial cells, SARS-CoV-2 could attenuate the virus-induced pro-inflammatory response and IFN response. Pre-activation of the type I IFN signaling pathway primed a highly efficient antiviral response in the host against SARS-CoV-2 infection, which could serve as a potential therapeutic and prophylactic maneuver to COVID-19 patients. ...
Ref: Differential immune activation profile of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection in human lung and intestinal cells: Implications for treatment with IFN-ß and IFN inducer [J Infect, 2020]In response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, the innate immune response is the first line of defense,
... its way into the cell via the ACE2 receptor and the proteolytic action of TMPRSS2. In response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, the innate immune response is the first line of defense, triggering multiple signaling pathways to produce interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and initiating the adaptive ...
Ref: SARS-CoV-2 multifaceted interaction with the human host. Part II: Innate immunity response, immunopathology, and epigenetics. [IUBMB life, 2020-09-16]Dysregulated responses in immunity, such as at the stages of immune sensing, alarming, polarization, and resolution, may contribute to disease pathology.
... immune responses involves synchronized cellular and molecular cascades and cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulated responses in immunity, such as at the stages of immune sensing, alarming, polarization, and resolution, may contribute to disease pathology. Herein, we approach SARS-CoV-2 through an immunomodulatory lens, discussing possible mechanisms of the asynchronized antiviral ...
Ref: Immune asynchrony in COVID-19 pathogenesis and potential immunotherapies [J Exp Med, 2020-09-10]Innate immunity serves as the first line of virus clearance and initiates adaptive immunity via cytokine/chemokine secretion.
... Innate immunity serves as the first line of virus clearance and initiates adaptive immunity via cytokine/chemokine secretion. Dysregulation of cytokine production resulting in a cytokine storm is believed to be associated with disease severity. Elevated secretion of cytokines, particularly IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IP-10, GCSF, MCP-1, MIP1α and ...
Ref: Spiking Pandemic Potential: Structural and Immunological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 [Trends Microbiol, 2020-05-20]Understanding the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 progression and the impact of various pharmaceutical interventions is crucial for the clinical management of the disease
... Understanding the underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 progression and the impact of various pharmaceutical interventions is crucial for the clinical management of the disease We developed a comprehensive mathematical framework based on the known mechanisms of the SARS-CoV-2 virus infection, incorporating the renin-angiotensin system and ACE2, which the virus exploits for cellular entry, key ...
Ref: In silico dynamics of COVID-19 phenotypes for optimizing clinical management [Res Sq, 2020]excessive inflammatory innate response and impaired adaptive host immune defense may lead to tissue damage both at the site of virus entry and at systemic level.
... a rapid and well-coordinated immune response represents the first line of defense against viral infection, excessive inflammatory innate response and impaired adaptive host immune defense may lead to tissue damage both at the site of virus entry and at systemic level. Several studies highlight relevant changes occurring both in innate and adaptive immune system in COVID-19 ...
Ref: Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2 [Signal Transduct Target Ther, 2020]The innate immune responses has a key role in slowing down the viral replication, the innate immune responses are stronger in young population than aged population.
... Vaccines for COVID-19 are in rapid developing stage and will be available soon (4) . The innate immune responses has a key role in slowing down the viral replication, the innate immune responses are stronger in young population than aged population. Therefore the mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 is higher in old age population than adult. The ...
Ref: Innate Immune-mediated Antiviral Response to SARS-CoV-2 and Convalescent sera a potential Prophylactic and Therapeutic Agent to Tackle COVID-19 [Antib Ther, 2020-08-16]In this review we will summarize what is currently known about the systemic immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and potential immunotherapeutic approaches.
... What little research that has already been conducted implicates pathological responses by the immune system as the leading culprit responsible for much of the morbidity and mortality caused by COVID-19. In this review we will summarize what is currently known about the systemic immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and potential immunotherapeutic approaches. ...
Ref: Systemic innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 as it relates to other coronaviruses. [Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2020-09-02]We correlated the immunological findings with the clinical course and 212 studied the dynamic changes of cells of innate and adaptive immune response.
... The PBMCs of patients with asymptomatic infection, mild and severe disease and their healthy 211 contacts were compared. We correlated the immunological findings with the clinical course and 212 studied the dynamic changes of cells of innate and adaptive immune response. 213 ...
Ref: Spectrum of innate and adaptive immune response to SARS CoV 2 infection across asymptomatic, mild and severe cases; a longitudinal cohort study [Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2020-06-23]Elderly individuals are the most susceptible to an aggressive form of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2.
... Elderly individuals are the most susceptible to an aggressive form of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2. The remodeling of immune response that is observed among the elderly could explain, at least in part, the age gradient in lethality of COVID-19. In this review, we will discuss ...
Ref: Remodeling of the Immune Response With Aging: Immunosenescence and Its Potential Impact on COVID-19 Immune Response [Front Immunol, 2020]An effective mucosal innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 paves the way to an also effective adaptive immune response.
... first days of infection opens a new perspective in immunological strategies to counteract viral pathogenicity. An effective mucosal innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2 paves the way to an also effective adaptive immune response. A strong local immune response seems to be crucial in the initial contention of the ...
Ref: Oromucosal immunomodulation as clinical spectrum mitigating factor in SARS-CoV-2 infection [Scand J Immunol, 2020]The innate and adaptive immune response is considered as a central factor of antiviral defense.
... immune system by the COVID-19 is the main characteristic of an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 diseases. The innate and adaptive immune response is considered as a central factor of antiviral defense. However, in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus could paralysis the immune protection by evasion ...
Ref: The immune response and immune evasion characteristics in SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2: Vaccine design strategies [Int Immunopharmacol, 2020-09-29]Viral entry into the host results in activation of innate immune mechanism together with the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory mediators.
... . Viral entry into the host results in activation of innate immune mechanism together with the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory mediators. Interaction of specific viral components with pattern recognition receptors of the host immune system activates cellular signalling pathways that culminate in the production of various cytokines. These cytokines elicit ...
Ref: Cytokine Storm in COVID-19 patients transforms to a Cytokine Super Cyclone in patients with risk factors [Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 2020-07-01]SARS-CoV-2 infection activates innate immune pathways inducing a robust type I/III interferon response,
... these strategies allow widespread infection and increased viral load. Despite the efforts of immune subversion, SARS-CoV-2 infection activates innate immune pathways inducing a robust type I/III interferon response, production of proinflammatory cytokines and recruitment of neutrophils and myeloid cells. This may induce hyperinflammation ...
Ref: Innate immunity during SARS-CoV-2: evasion strategies and activation trigger hypoxia and vascular damage [Clin. exp. immunol, 2020]innate-induced trained immunity and adaptive-induced immune response resetting.
... that have been considered for sepsis and might be amenable to repurposing for COVID-19. We also discuss two different immunization strategies that have the potential to confer antiviral heterologous protection: innate-induced trained immunity and adaptive-induced immune response resetting. ...
Ref: Immune Response Resetting as a Novel Strategy to Overcome SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cytokine Storm. [Journal of immunology, 2020-09-21]Innate immunity with cytokine storms, coagulopathy, neutralizing antibodies;
... responses and comorbidities, seem likely to play a pivotal role in the severity of COVID-19. Innate immunity with cytokine storms, coagulopathy, neutralizing antibodies; cellular immune responses such as CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, B cells, NK ...
Ref: COVID-19 and Crosstalk With the Hallmarks of Aging [J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2020-06-16]Innate and adaptive immune response determinates the clinical expression and prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
... Innate and adaptive immune response determinates the clinical expression and prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. T lymphocyte CD8+ has a pivotal role eliminating the infected cells and low count of these cells increase the fatal outcome of COVID-19. However, this effect is attenuated increasing the ...
Ref: Interferon gamma, TGF-β1 and RANTES expression in upper airway samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients [Clin Immunol, 2020-08-29]The following sections summarize the mitochondrial involvement in the innate immune 131 system after infection with RNA viruses and specifically with SARS-CoVs.
... mechanisms, 57 leading to an inadequate host immune response that may promote adverse disease outcomes. The following sections summarize the mitochondrial involvement in the innate immune 131 system after infection with RNA viruses and specifically with SARS-CoVs. The pro-fission factor DRP1 is commonly targeted by viruses. Human immunodeficiency 207 virus (HIV) via ...
Ref: Mitochondria – in the crossfire of SARS-CoV-2 and immunity [iScience, 2020-09-29]comprehensive characterization of adaptive immune responses towards SARS-CoV-2 is needed.
... understand the immunological signature of SARS-CoV-2 infections and aid the search for treatments and vaccines, comprehensive characterization of adaptive immune responses towards SARS-CoV-2 is needed. We investigated the breadth and potency of antibody-, and T-cell immune responses, in 203 recovered ...
Ref: SARS-CoV-2 Elicits Robust Adaptive Immune Responses Regardless of Disease Severity [bioRxiv, 2020-10-08]might protect children against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
... a preliminary potent innate response and a trained immunity alongside a healthier respiratory system, and their interactions, might protect children against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, further studies are needed to explore other possible causes of this enigma. ...
Ref: Why COVID-19 is less frequent and severe in children: a narrative review [World j. pediatr, 2020]Some peripheral CD14 + monocytes have an inflammatory phenotype and secrete T cellactivating cytokines,
... plenty of work to be done. The peripheral innate immune response to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some peripheral CD14 + monocytes have an inflammatory phenotype and secrete T cellactivating cytokines, while others have decreased HLA class II expression, which could result in decreased antigen presentation ...
Ref: The innate immune system: fighting on the front lines or fanning the flames of COVID-19? [Cell Host Microbe, 2020-05-20]The SARS-CoV-2 virus replicates in human airways but evades lung innate immune response autopsied lung studies
... The SARS-CoV-2 virus replicates in human airways but evades lung innate immune response autopsied lung studies (n = 4 patients) showed that ciliated cells of the proximal airway epithelium and alveolar cells (type I and II pneumocytes) were infected, but not goblet cells and submucosal glands ...
Ref: Pulmonary immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 infection: harmful or not? [Intensive Care Med, 2020-07-17]Viral entry and cell infection trigger the host's immune response, and an inflammatory cascade is initiated by innate immune cells.
... described to cause SARS (SARS-CoV) (Shulla et al., 2011) , and most likely also SARS-CoV-2. Viral entry and cell infection trigger the host"s immune response, and an inflammatory cascade is initiated by innate immune cells. The receptor and signalling mechanisms actually responsible for the induction of inflammatory mediators such as ...
Ref: Trained immunity: a tool for reducing susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection [Cell, 2020-05-04]